tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20612340513093560482024-03-18T08:03:57.691+05:00Virtual University of PakistanHere All students can get Virtual University Past Old Midterm Final term Solve Papers Quiz Assignments Projects Solutions.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger916125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-48300053219105484832023-05-24T21:12:00.002+05:002023-05-24T21:12:21.670+05:00Blocking of VULMS Accounts for Spring 2023<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span id="lbl_Published" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Poppins; letter-spacing: 0.1px; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">Published On:</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Poppins; letter-spacing: 0.1px; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="m--font-bolder" id="lbl_newsDate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Poppins; letter-spacing: 0.1px; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap;">May 23, 2023</span></span></p><div class=" text-left" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Poppins; letter-spacing: 0.1px; white-space: nowrap;"><br /></div><div class="m-scrollable mCustomScrollbar _mCS_5 mCS-autoHide" data-axis="xy" data-scrollable="true" data-scrollbar-shown="true" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Poppins; letter-spacing: 0.1px; touch-action: pinch-zoom; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="paraGraphtext m--padding-right-10" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 10px !important; white-space: normal;"><p class="justify-content-around table-responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: space-around !important; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-x: auto; width: 947.594px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span id="lbl_newsDetail" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is informed that the LMS accounts of all such students who have yet to pay their outstanding dues shall be blocked on <b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box;">May 26, 2023</u></b>. Students with blocked accounts cannot make date sheets for Mid Term Exams for Spring'2023 semester. It is therefore advised to clear all outstanding dues at the earliest to avoid any inconvenience.</span></p></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-79882250507879962802023-04-28T03:35:00.011+05:002023-04-28T03:38:40.578+05:00Announcement for Course Selection - Spring 2023 Semester<h1 style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="background: lime; color: #7030a0; font-family: "Poppins",serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spring 2023</span></b><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Poppins",serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Semester<br /></span></b><b><i><u><span style="color: #002060; font-family: "Poppins",serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Semester/ Classes Commencement Date: Monday, April 17,
2023)</span></u></i></b></span></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">The
link for “Course Selection” will be active/ available with effect from <b><span style="background: lime;">Tuesday, April 11, 2023,</span> </b>under the “Student
Services” tab in VULMS. The students are advised to log in to their VULMS
account and select their course(s) immediately or before the semester
commencement date<b>.</b> However, the last date to <b>add/drop
course(s) </b>will be<b> <span style="background: lime;">Friday, May
05, 2023.</span></b> The tuition fee voucher issued after this date shall not
be revised.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><u><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Important
Notes:</span></u></b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Newly
admitted students</span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, enrolled in the 1</span><sup><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">st</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> semester of their respective study program, are
given pre-selected courses. </span><span style="background: yellow; color: #002060; font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">However, students enrolled through BS Entry Route may
select their courses, accordingly.</span><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Existing/
continuing students</span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> must make their course
selections as mentioned above. Failing to enroll in any course(s) he/she
will be treated as an <b>“<u>INACTIVE STUDENT</u>” </b>during the
semester<b> </b>and a fine will also be imposed <b>under “<u>Semester
Freeze Rules</u>”.</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 5.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Course/
workload</span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(Credit Hours)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> limits have been prescribed and published separately for each
study program in “Course Selection Rules” given in “Student Handbook”.
Students must read the rules carefully before making their course
selection.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Guidelines/Explanations:</span></b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Students are expected to follow the<b> “</b><u>semester-wise<b> </b>study scheme”</u> of their respective study program so
that their </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Poppins",serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">scholarship eligibility </span><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">may not
be affected (</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 9pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">See Scholarship Rules</span><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">). </span><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 60pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">§<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Continuously enrolling in maximum course/workload
in each semester does not mean that a study program can be completed earlier
than its minimum prescribed residential requirement.</span><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><ol start="4" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Course
Pre-requisite rule<i> </i></span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">requires
enrollment and qualifying of Basic/Introductory courses before enrolling in an advanced level course. Therefore, said rule must be followed and given
due care while making course selections.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><ol start="5" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Students
enrolled during Spring 2018 / Fall 2018 </span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">in 2-year Master/Associate Degree Programs and 1.5year
B.Ed programs hav<b>e </b>availed the maximum time duration and are
NOT allowed to make their course selection.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><ol start="6" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Students with
blocked VULMS</span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (due to non-payment of fee) will not be allowed
to make their course selection unless they deposit their outstanding dues
and get their LMS accounts active from the Accounts Department.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><ol start="7" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Grade
Improvement Policy</span></b><span style="font-family: "Poppins",serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> A student can anytime improve
a course in which his/her obtained grade is less than “B”. In such a case
he/she has to repeat the improvement course(s) in the forthcoming
semester(s), in which that course is offered.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Guidelines/Explanations:</span></b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 69pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Failed course(s) can be repeated until
qualified.</span><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 69pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Improved/better grades in a course will
substitute/replace the previous/lower grade and eventually increase the
CGPA. However, in case of non-improvement of grade, the previous better
grade will stand and count towards CGPA calculation.<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.65pt;"><b><span style="color: #3300ff; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Minimum and Maximum
Credit Hours Limit: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Maximum and minimum credit hours limit in a semester is
provided<b> </b>in the Student Handbook; [Course Selection Rules
/ Academic Rules and Regulations, 2021 <b><a href="https://handbook.vu.edu.pk/"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">https://handbook.vu.edu.pk/</span></a> </b>]</span><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Declaration:</span></b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">I hereby acknowledge that I have read and completely
understood the above rules and guidelines including course selection,
scholarship, and Semester Freeze rules, etc. I understand that I shall be
responsible for the consequence of the violation of said rules and thus promise to
abide by the rules framed by the University from time to time.</span></i><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Note:</span></b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> <b>Students having
issues or seeking guidance regarding course selection may e-mail or contact:</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 0px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.6pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Course Selection Issues</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Related to</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 149.3pt;" width="199">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E-mail / Ticketing System</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Phone Extension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">042-111880880
(Ext.)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Mobile Extension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0304-1110880
(Ext.)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.6pt;" width="119">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All
Programs except MSCS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 149.3pt;" width="199">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.vu.edu.pk/SupportSystem/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">443, 444<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4430<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.6pt;" width="119">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MS in
Computer Science Program<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 149.3pt;" width="199">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mscs_courseselection@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8622, 8664<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 85.5pt;" width="114">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8622<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span></p><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 0px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 112.1pt;" width="149">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fee Related and Accounts</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Unblocking Issues for</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 149.3pt;" width="199">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E-mail / Ticketing System</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Phone Extension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mobile
Extension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 112.1pt;" width="149">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Associate
Degree, BS / BA program<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 149.3pt;" width="199">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fee
Related and Accounts</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Unblocking
information visit below link</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.vu.edu.pk/SupportSystem/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">433<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4330<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 112.1pt;" width="149">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Master
Program<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">431<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4310<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 112.1pt;" width="149">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MS/ MPhil
Program<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">335<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3350<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 3.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 112.1pt;" width="149">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Overseas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 3.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">335<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 3.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3350<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.95pt;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 0px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Academics Issues Relevant to</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study Program</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Faculty Member</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E-mail / Ticketing System</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phone Extension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS (Business Administration)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Aneeqa Zahid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:aneeqa.zahid@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">aneeqa.zahid@vu.edu.pk</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7842<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS (Commerce)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Asma Rafique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:asmarafique@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">asmarafique@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8831<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS (Public Administration)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Maryam Ahmad<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:mariamahmed@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">mariamahmed@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8847<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bachelor of Business &
Information Technology (BBIT)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Nabegha Mahmood<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:nabegha.mahmood@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">nabegha.mahmood@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Accounting & Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Ijaz Butt<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:ijaz.butt@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">ijaz.butt@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8865<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Islamic Banking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Syed Hassan Bukhari<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:syed.hassan@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">syed.hassan@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8826<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Human Resource Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Nazia Rafique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:naziarafiq@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">naziarafiq@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8822<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Operations Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Sadia Kausar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sadia.kausar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sadia.kausar@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8873<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Sales and Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Saba Muneer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:saba@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">saba@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Supply Chain Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Muhammad Aamir Qureshi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:aamir@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">aamir@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8896<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Business Administration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Imran Sarmad<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:imran.sarmad@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">imran.sarmad@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8889<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Commerce<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Imran Khan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:imran.khan@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">imran.khan@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8457<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Accounting<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Muhammad Shafiq Kaleem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:mshafiq@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">mshafiq@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8894<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Accounting &
Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Hamid Ahmad<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:hamid.ahmad@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">hamid.ahmad@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8453<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Banking & Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Muhammad Toseef Aslam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:toseefaslam@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">toseefaslam@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8838<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Business Administration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Nida Qamar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:nida.qamar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">nida.qamar@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7825<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Entrepreneurship &
SME Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Tayaba Syed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:tayyaba.syed@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">tayyaba.syed@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Muhammad Hussain Qureshi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:hussain.qureshi@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">hussain.qureshi@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7844<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Human Resource
Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Awais Imam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:awaisimam@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">awaisimam@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8885<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Marketing Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Ali Abbas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:ali_abbas@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">ali_abbas@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Public Administration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Aasia Rasheed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:aasia@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">aasia@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7822<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additional Specialization
Certification in Banking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Muhammad Nadeem Khalil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:muhammad.nadeem@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">muhammad.nadeem@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8429<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additional Specialization
Certification in Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Muhammad Ashfaq<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:mashfaq@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">mashfaq@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8846<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additional Specialization
Certification in Human Resource Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Shakira Nazir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:shakira.nazeer@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">shakira.nazeer@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7847<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additional Specialization
Certification in Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Saba Munir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sabamunir@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sabamunir@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8868<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additional Specialization
Certification in Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Neelam Sarfraz<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:neelam.sarfraz@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">neelam.sarfraz@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8458<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MSCS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Hasnain Ahmed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:hasnain@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">hasnain@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8613<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BSCS/Diploma/MCS/MIT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Muhammad Anwaar Saeed / Mr.
Muhammad Zafar Nazir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:anwaar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">anwaar@vu.edu.pk</span></a>, <a href="mailto:mzafarnazir@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">mzafarnazir@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8411/8664<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ADPs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Muhammad Salman Bashir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:salmanbashir@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">salmanbashir@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8611<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BSSE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Muhammad Summair Raza<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sraza@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sraza@vu.edu.pk</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8413<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BSIT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Israr Ullah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:israr.ullah@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">israr.ullah@vu.edu.pk</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8211<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Artificial Intelligence<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Safi Ullah Nasir / Dr. Nida
Anwar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:safiullah.nasir@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">safiullah.nasir@vu.edu.pk</span></a>,
<a href="mailto:nidaanwar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">nidaanwar@vu.edu.pk</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8619/8651<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Data Science<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Mushtaq Hussain / Dr. Nadia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:mushtaq.hussain@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">mushtaq.hussain@vu.edu.pk</span></a>,
<a href="mailto:nadiatabassum@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">nadiatabassum@vu.edu.pk</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8412/8617<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Cyber Security<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Muhammad Anwaar Saeed / Dr.
Israr Ullah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:anwaar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">anwaar@vu.edu.pk</span></a>, <a href="mailto:israr.ullah@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">israr.ullah@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8411/8211<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.Ed. Secondary (1.5 years)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms Saleha Ali<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:saleha.ali@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">saleha.ali@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8546<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Education (1 year)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms Darakhshan Zahid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:darakhshan.zahid@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">darakhshan.zahid@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.Ed. Hons (Elementary)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr Hina Amin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:hina.amin@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">hina.amin@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in (ECCE)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms Sameen Azmat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sameen.azmat@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sameen.azmat@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ADP in Education<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr Sohail Mazhar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sohail.mazhar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sohail.mazhar@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8547<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ADP in (ECCE)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms Sana Amin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sana.amin@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sana.amin@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.Ed. (2.5 years)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr Sehar Rashid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sehar.rashid@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sehar.rashid@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8541<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.Ed. Hons in (ECCE)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Sumbal Asghar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sumbal.asghar@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sumbal.asghar@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8517<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Applied Linguistics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Saria Kazmi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sariakazmi@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sariakazmi@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8548<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in English Language
Teaching (ELT)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Saria Kazmi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sariakazmi@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sariakazmi@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8548<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M.Sc. Statistics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Sumaira Rasheed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sumaira.rasheed@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sumaira.rasheed@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8433<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">M.Sc. Mathematics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Attique ur Rehman<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:attique_rehman@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">attique_rehman@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8516<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Mathematics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dr. Attique ur Rehman<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:attique_rehman@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">attique_rehman@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8516<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Sociology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Afshan Ambreen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:ambreen@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">ambreen@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8332<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Economics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Farooq Ahmed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:farooq.ahmed@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">farooq.ahmed@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8875<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MSc Mass Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Masroor Ahmed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:masroor.ahmed@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">masroor.ahmed@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8241<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Mass Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Aisha Muhammad Din<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:aishamdin@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">aishamdin@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8833<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AD Mass Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Saba Sadiq <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:sabasadiq@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">sabasadiq@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8863<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in TV production<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Qamar Riaz<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:qamar.riaz@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">qamar.riaz@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8866<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Bioinformatics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Syed Hassan Abbas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:hassan.abbas@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">hassan.abbas@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8452<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploma in Bioinformatics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mr. Syed Hassan Abbas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:hassan.abbas@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">hassan.abbas@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8452<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 104.3pt;" width="139">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS Biotechnology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 118.05pt;" valign="top" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ms. Ruqia Bibi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 1.75in;" width="267">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="mailto:ruqia.bibi@vu.edu.pk"><span style="color: #5867dd; text-decoration-line: none;">ruqia.bibi@vu.edu.pk</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 45pt;" width="60">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.95pt;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 0px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Internship / Project / Thesis Issues Relevant to Departments</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E-mail / Ticketing System</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Phone Extension</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ACF619-FinalProject-Accounting
& Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">acf619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 25.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ACFI619-InternshipReport-Accounting&Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 25.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">acfi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 25.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8851,
8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BNK620-Final Project - Banking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bnk620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BNKI620-Internship Report -
Banking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bnki620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FIN620-Final project - Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fin620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FINI620-Internship Report -
Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fini620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HRM620-Final Project - Human
Resource Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hrm620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8822,
8847-9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HRMI620-Internship Report - Human
Resource Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hrmi620@vu.edu.pk <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8822,
8847-9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MGT620-Final Project - Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mgt620@vu.edu.pk <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8828,
8859-60<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MGTI620-Internship Report -
Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mgti620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8828,
8859-60<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MIS620-Final Project - MIS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">misi620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">88,238,891<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MISI620-Internship Report - MIS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">misi620@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">88,238,891<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MKT620-Final Project - Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mkt620@vu.edu.pk <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8821,
8841,3,4,5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MKTI620-Internship Report -
Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mkti620@vu.edu.pk <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8821,
8841,3,4,5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">COM619-Final Project - Commerce<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">com619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8824<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">COMI619-Internshp Report -
Commerce<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">comi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8824<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MCM619-Final Project - Mass
Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mcm619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8863,
8833<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MCMI619-Internship Report - Mass
Communication<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mcmi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8863,
8833<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PSY619-Final Project - Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">psy619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">88,398,886<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PSYI619-Internship Report -
Psychology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">psyi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">88,398,886<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PAD619-Final Project - Public
Administration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pad619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8828,
8859-60<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PADI619-Internship Report - Public
Administration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">padi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8828,
8859-60<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BS (CS & IT)/MCS/MIT Software
Projects<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 89.3pt;" width="119">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">cs619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8618,8623,
8651,8620<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BNK619-Final Project - Banking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bnk619@vu.edu.p<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BNKI619-Internship Report -
Banking<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bnki619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FIN619-Final project - Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fin619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FINI619-Internship Report -
Finance<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">fini619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8823-7,
8831, 8851, 8853-7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HRM619-Final Project - Human
Resource Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hrm619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8822,
8847-9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HRMI619-Internship Report - Human
Resource Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hrmi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8822,
8847-9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MGT619-Final Project - Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mgt619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8828,
8859-60<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MGTI619-Internship Report -
Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mgti619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8828,
8859-60<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MIS619-Final Project - MIS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mis619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">88,238,891<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MISI619-Internship Report - MIS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">misi619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">88,238,891<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MKT619-Final Project - Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mkt619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8821,
8889, 8841-2,8844-5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 178.5pt;" width="238">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MKTI619-Internship Report -
Marketing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mkti619@vu.edu.pk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.25pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8821,
8889, 8841-2,8844-5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 174pt;" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 4.5pt;" width="6">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 84.8pt;" width="113">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0.75pt; width: 130.05pt;" width="173">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">Note:</span></b><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> Internship and
research project is mandatory for all students of BS Mass Communication and<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Poppins, serif; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">
BS Psychology w-e-f spring 2019 batch.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-17008572612181725932023-04-28T03:16:00.000+05:002023-04-28T03:16:01.872+05:00ANNOUNCEMENT - ADMISSION OPPORTUNITY FOR VU ZERO SEMESTER STUDENTS<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Poppins; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.1px; white-space: nowrap;">ANNOUNCEMENT - ADMISSION OPPORTUNITY FOR VU ZERO SEMESTER STUDENTS</span></h1><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Poppins; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.1px; white-space: nowrap;" /><div class="m-scrollable mCustomScrollbar _mCS_5 mCS-autoHide" data-axis="xy" data-scrollable="true" data-scrollbar-shown="true" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Poppins; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0.1px; touch-action: pinch-zoom; white-space: nowrap;"><div class="paraGraphtext m--padding-right-10" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 10px !important; white-space: normal;"><p class="justify-content-around table-responsive" style="box-sizing: border-box; justify-content: space-around !important; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-x: auto; width: 947.594px;"><span id="lbl_newsDetail" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">ANNOUNCEMENT<br /></span></span></b></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">FOR<br /></span></span></i></b></span></span><u style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> VU ZERO SEMESTER STUDENTS- SPRING 2023</span></span></b></span></span></u></h2><p align="center" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: center;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">It is hereby informed to Zero Semester students of the University who still need to apply for admission within the admission due date.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">The University is providing an opportunity to the said students to apply for admission towards subsequent degrees on the basis of a qualified zero semester result card OR again zero semesters in case of failure<b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </i></b>with the following conditions: -</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">a) The said students will be required to appear/visit physically at the following Virtual University admission Office(s) on <b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box;">May 2, 2023,</u></i> </b>from <b style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><u style="box-sizing: border-box;">10:00 AM TO 4:00 PM sharp</u></i></b><u style="box-sizing: border-box;">.</u></span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-left: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Virtual University of Pakistan- LAHORE</b></span></span></span></span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">M.A. Jinnah Campus, Defence Road off Raiwind Road, Lahore.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">0423-111-880-880 Ext. No. 241, 344, 349,</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> <span></span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-left: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Virtual University of Pakistan-ISLAMABAD</b></span></span></span></span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sir Syed Building, 19-Ataturk Avenue, G-5/1, Islamabad.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">0423-111-880-880 Ext. No. 242, 9619, 9668,</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-left: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Virtual University Campus - MULTAN </b></span></span></span></span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Bridge Lane Tower, Near Chowk Kutchery, LMQ Road Multan </span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Phone: 061-9330628, 061-4513125, Mobile: 03090200691</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-left: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Virtual University Campus - GUJRANWALA</b> </span></span></span></span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Near Jamia Muhammadia, Kangniwala, G.T. Road, GUJRANWALA.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Phone: 055-4808184, 055-4808385, 055-4551109</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 20px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: none; margin-left: 28px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="box-sizing: border-box;"> Virtual University Malir Campus - KARACHI </b></span></span></span></span></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">A-65. First Floor. above H.B.L. Kala Board, Near Mohammadi Imam Bargah, Malir Town KARACHI. </span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Phone: 021-34110320-1</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 28px; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> b) Each student will be required to bring three 3 sets of the attested copies of the </span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">requisite documents i.e. </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(CNIC/B-form, Matric, Intermediate, Graduation </span></span></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(if applicable), Passport Size Photograph with blue background (3 Nos.):</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 40px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">c) Only this opportunity is valid for ONE DAY (Tuesday-May 2, 2023). In case, any student fails to avail of this opportunity then he/she may apply for admission in the forthcoming admission session -Fall 2023 during the month of August 2023.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: center;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Registrar<br /></span></span></span></span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Virtual University of Pakistan</span></span></span></span></strong></h3></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-48862524532063083802023-04-19T03:39:00.007+05:002023-05-07T04:44:50.749+05:00MGT402 – Cost & Management Accounting Online Quiz # 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">MGT402 – Cost & Management Accounting</span></b></span></h1>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Online Quiz # 2</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><st1:date day="5" month="1" w:st="on" year="2010"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">January
05, 2010</span></b></st1:date><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Total Questions: 15</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">If you find any incorrect answer, kindly let everyone
know about it.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Question # 1 of 15 ( Start time: <st1:time hour="3" minute="44" w:st="on">03:44:00 AM</st1:time> ) <br />
</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Which
of the following is a point of differentiation between blanket rates and
department rates? <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Blanket rate is a single overhead rate established for the entire factory<br />
<br />
Department rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory
through which the products pass<br />
<br />
Department rate is a single overhead rate established for the entire factory<br />
<br />
Blanket rates are separate overhead rates for all departments of factory
through which the product passes<br />
<br />
<b><i>(I'm not 100% sure about this question, I selected option # 1, kindly see
handouts, page # 105(pdf file))</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Question # 2 of 15 ( Start time: <st1:time hour="3" minute="45" w:st="on">03:45:19 AM</st1:time> ) Total Marks: 1 <br />
</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Production
volume of 1,200 units cost incurred Rs. 10,000 and production volume of 1,400
units cost incurred Rs.20, 000. The variable cost per unit would be? <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Rs. 50.00 per unit<br />
<br />
Rs. 8.33 per unit<br />
<br />
Rs. 14.20 per unit<br />
<br />
Rs. 100 per unit<br />
<br />
<b><i>(I got confused in this question, what I'm getting:<br />
variable cost per unit = total variable cost/total number of units produced<br />
<br />
one solution could be;<br />
in producing 1200 units, total cost incurred was 10000, and<br />
in producing 1400 units, total cost incurred was 20000<br />
<br />
1400 - 1200 = 200 units<br />
20000 - 10000 = 10000 cost<span><a name='more'></a></span><br />
<br />
which means when we produced 1200 units the total cost was 10000 but when we
increased production to 1400 units, the total cost increased to 20000, so the
difference (20000 - 10000 = 10000) should be of variable cost<br />
now by dividing "total variable cost by quantity" i.e, 10000/200 = 50
per unit<br />
<br />
but the confusion is in order to get variable cost per unit, we divide total
variable cost by total number of units produced, and total number of units in
the above MCQ seems to be 1400. if we divide 10000/1400 = 7.14 which is not in
the options<br />
if we divide 10000/2600 = 3.84 (not there in the options)<br />
<br />
so i guess 50 per unit might be a correct answer. but please if anyone know
about this question, kindly explain it</i></b><br />
<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Question # 3 of 15 ( Start time: <st1:time hour="3" minute="46" w:st="on">03:46:42 AM</st1:time> ) Total Marks: 1 <br />
</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Cost
accounting concepts include all of the following EXCEPT: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Planning<br />
<br />
Controlling<br />
<br />
<b>Sharing </b>(see page # 10, this is the same
MCQ on page # 10 of handouts)<br />
<br />
Costing<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Question # 4 of 15 ( Start time: <st1:time hour="3" minute="47" w:st="on">03:47:02 AM</st1:time> ) Total Marks: 1 <br />
</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The
main purpose of cost accounting is to <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Maximize profits<br />
<br />
Help in inventory valuation<br />
<br />
<b>Provide information to management for decision making</b>
(again the same MCQ is on handouts page # 9)<br />
<br />
Aid in the fixation of selling price<br />
<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Question # 5 of 15 ( Start time: 03:48:05 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br />
</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Over
applied FOH will always result when a predetermined FOH rate is applied and: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
<br />
Production is greater than defined capacity<br />
<br />
Actual overhead costs are less than budgeted overhead<br />
<br />
Budgeted capacity is less than normal capacity<br />
<br />
<b>Actual overhead incurred is less than applied
Overhead</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Question # 6 of 15 ( Start time: 03:48:50 AM )
Total Marks: 1 <br />
</b>A spending variance for factory overhead is the difference between
actual factory overhead cost and factory overhead cost that should have been
incurred for actual hours worked and results from: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Price difference of FOH costs<br />
<br />
Quantity differences of FOH costs<br />
<br />
Price and quantity differences for FOH costs<br />
<br />
Difference caused by production volume variations<br />
<br />
<b><i>(not sure, see handouts page # 121)</i></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Question # 7 of 15 ( Start time: 03:50:16 AM )
Total Marks: 1 <br />
</b>Period costs are <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Expensed when the product is sold <br />
<br />
Included in the cost of goods sold <br />
<br />
Related to specific Period<br />
<br />
Not expensed<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #20124d;">The cost of
goods sold was Rs. 240,000. Beginning and ending inventory balances were Rs.
20,000 and Rs. 30,000, respectively. What was the inventory turnover? <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
<br />
8.0 times <br />
12.0 times<span><!--more--></span><br />
7.0 times <br />
<b>9.6 times <br />
</b><br />
Inventory turnover ratio = CGS/Average inventory <br />
inventory turnover ratio = 240000/25000 = 9.6times<br />
average inventory = opening inventory + closing inventory / 2<br />
<br />
<br />
If opening inventory of material is Rs.20,000 and closing inventory is
Rs. 40,000.the Average inventory amount will be: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Rs. 40,000<br />
<b>Rs. 30,000</b> <br />
Rs. 20,000<br />
Rs. 10,000<br />
<br />
<br />
Which of the following is/are reported in production cost report? <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
The costs charged to the department<br />
How the costs were assigned to the output?<br />
The equivalent units of production by the department<br />
<b>All of the given options<br />
</b><br />
An organistation sold units 4000 and have closing finished goods 3500
units and opening finished goods units were 1000.The quantity of unit produced
would be: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
7500 units<br />
<b>6500 units</b><br />
4500 units<br />
8500 units<br />
<br />
Solution:<br />
Number of units manufactured/produced = units sold + closing balance of
finished goods units - opening balance of finished goods units<br />
number of units produced/manufactured = 4000 + 3500 - 1000 = 6500<o:p></o:p></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span><span><!--more--></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #20124d;">Where the
applied FOH cost is less than the actual FOH cost it is: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
<b>Unfavorable variance</b><br />
Favorable variance<br />
<st1:place w:st="on">Normal</st1:place> variance<br />
Budgeted variance<br />
<br />
<br />
Examples of industries that would use process costing include all of the
following EXCEPT: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Beverages <br />
Food <br />
<b>Hospitality</b> <br />
Petroleum <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #20124d;">The flux
method of labor turnover denotes: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
Workers appointed against the vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of
the organization<br />
Workers appointed in replacement of existing employees<br />
Workers employed under the expansion schemes of the company<br />
<b>The total change in the composition of labor force</b><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br />
</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The flux method of labor turnover denotes the total change in the
composition of labor force.While replacement method takes into account only
workers appointed against the vacancy caused due to discharge or quitting of
the organisation.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A worker is paid Rs. 0.50 per unit and he produces 18 units in 7 hours.
Keeping in view the piece rate system, the total wages of the worker would be: <br />
Select correct option: <br />
<br />
18 x 7 x 0.50 = Rs. 63<br />
<b>18 x 0.50 = Rs. 9</b><br />
18 x 7 = Rs. 126<br />
7 x 0.5 = Rs. 3.5<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">All of the following are
essential requirements of a good wage system EXCEPT:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Reduced overhead costs</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Reduced per unit variable cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Increased production</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Increased operating costs</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">The components of the prime cost
are:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Direct Material + Direct Labor +
Other Direct Cost</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Direct Labor + Other Direct Cost
+ FOH</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Direct Labor + FOH</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">None of the given options</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">If, Gross profit = Rs. 40,000 GP
Margin = 25% of sales What will be the value of cost of goods sold?</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Rs. 160,000</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Rs. 120,000</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Rs. 40,000</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Can not be determined</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Simple Look: <st1:place w:st="on">Opportunity</st1:place>
cost is the best example of:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Sunk Cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Standard Cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Relevant Cost</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Irrelevant Cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Which of the following is an
example of Statutory deductions:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Deduction as Income Tax</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Deduction as social security</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Subscriptions to a trade union</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">None of the given</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">By useing table method
where---------------- is equal, that point is called Economic order quanity.</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Ordering cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Carrying cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Ordering and carrying cost</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Per unit order cost</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Which of the following statement
is TRUE about FOH applied rates?</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">They are used to control overhead
costs</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">They are based on actual data for
each period</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">They are predetermined in advance
for each period</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">None of the given</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"> Annual requirement is 7800
units; consumption per week is 150 units. Unit price Rs 5, order cost Rs 10 per
order. Carrying cost Rs 1 per unit and lead time is 3 week, The Economic order
quantity would be:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">395 units</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">300 units</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">250 units</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">150 units</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Period costs are</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Select correct option:</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Expensed when the product is sold</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Included in the cost of goods
sold</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Related to specific Period</span></b><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Not expensed</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="color: #20124d;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-28905582022928169962023-04-19T03:39:00.006+05:002023-04-25T06:08:39.343+05:00ENG101 Online Quiz <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><i><u>ENG101 Online Quiz </u></i></b></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 01:16:58 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">It was easy to guess what they had been doing
-----------.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> so as to live
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> for a living <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> from living <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> to live <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 01:18:19 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Recall your knowledge of making inferences and
choose the best option. "It isn’t the most glamorous job. I mean, who
wants to stare at people’s teeth all day?" The speaker is _______ . <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> cobbler <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> goldsmith
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> eye
specialist <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> dentist <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 79 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 3 of 10 ( Start time: 01:19:38 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Find the word or phrase that best completes each
sentence. We had a nice party with drinks and dancing; then, _____ we went
home. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> following <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> at least<span><a name='more'></a></span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> finally <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> after all<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 01:20:59 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Fill in the blank with the correct spelling of the
word from the given option. This _______ is not getting off to a very good
start. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> milennium <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> millenniem <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> millenium <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> millennium<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span><!--more--></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 86
sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 01:22:26 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Choose the best option for given statement. Jack
is_______ upset about losing his keys.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sadly <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> loudly <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> extremely
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> ferociously <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 88 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 01:23:51 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Tell whether the following statement is Fact or
Opinion: Manchester had the highest rainfall yesterday with 16.5 inches
falling. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> fact <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> opinion<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 01:24:59 PM ) Total Marks:
1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Fill in the blank with appropriate word form. Many
students today are studying to become ______ engineers. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> Electricity <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> Electric <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> Electrical<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> Electrically<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 88 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 01:26:18 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Choose the best meaning/definition for the word in
Capital letters. After Anthony was insulted by a stranger, he RETORTED to her
and drew laughter from other customers in the mall. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> replied in a
sharp or witty way. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> ignored in
order to avoid arguments. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> relied on
intelligence. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> consulted for
advice.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 01:27:27 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Recall your knowledge of making inferences and
choose the best option. Jamie knew she shouldn’t have picked that movie. Now
all she could think of was that ghostly white face. She could not sleep because
she was <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> excited <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> scared <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> tired <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sleepy <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> BC100400183 :
Manza Ali <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Quiz Start Time: 01:16 PM <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Time Left 89 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> sec(s) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 01:28:39 PM ) Total Marks:
1 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Choose the correct option. Two plus two ________ to
four. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Select correct option:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> equal <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> equals <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> equality <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> equalize <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #20124d;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-22395949988277517202023-04-19T03:38:00.002+05:002023-04-25T06:09:08.603+05:00List of Insurance Companies in Pakistan<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;">List of Insurance Companies in Pakistan
</span></h1><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">If you are looking for insurance companies in Pakistan, you have come to the right place. In this article, we will provide you with a list of some of the leading insurance companies in the country.</span></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">EFU Life Assurance</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">EFU Life Assurance is one of the leading insurance companies in Pakistan, offering a range of life insurance products to its customers. The company was established in 1992 and has since grown to become one of the most trusted names in the industry. EFU Life Assurance offers a range of life insurance plans, including term assurance, endowment assurance, and whole life assurance.</span></p><ol start="2" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Jubilee Life Insurance<span><a name='more'></a></span></span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Jubilee Life Insurance is another leading insurance company in Pakistan, offering a range of life insurance and health insurance products to its customers. The company was established in 1995 and has since become a household name in the country. Jubilee Life Insurance offers a range of life insurance plans, including term assurance, endowment assurance, and whole life assurance, as well as health insurance plans.</span></p><ol start="3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Adamjee Insurance Company</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Adamjee Insurance Company is one of the oldest and most well-established insurance companies in Pakistan, having been in operation since 1960. The company offers a range of insurance products, including motor insurance, travel insurance, and home insurance, as well as life insurance plans.</span></p><ol start="4" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">TPL Insurance<span><br /></span></span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">TPL Insurance is a relatively new entrant into the Pakistani insurance market, having been established in 2005. However, the company has quickly made a name for itself as one of the most innovative insurance companies in the country. TPL Insurance offers a range of insurance products, including motor insurance, travel insurance, and home insurance, as well as health insurance plans.</span></p><ol start="5" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">The State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan is a state-owned insurance company that was established in 1972. The company offers a range of life insurance products to its customers, including term assurance, endowment assurance, and whole life assurance.</span></p><ol start="6" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Askari General Insurance Company</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Askari General Insurance Company is a subsidiary of the Army Welfare Trust, which was established in 1996. The company offers a range of insurance products, including motor insurance, travel insurance, and home insurance, as well as marine and aviation insurance.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">In conclusion, there are a number of insurance companies in Pakistan that offer a range of insurance products to their customers. The above list is by no means exhaustive, but it provides a good starting point for those who are looking for insurance companies in the country. It is important to do your research and compare the various insurance products and services offered by each company before making a decision. By doing so, you can ensure that you find the right insurance product for your needs and budget.</span></p></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-43103989134369120432023-04-19T03:36:00.001+05:002023-04-25T03:27:05.992+05:00Parents Need to Know About Facebook's New Privacy Controls<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><section class="article-content" style="-webkit-transition: margin 0.2s; margin-left: 25px; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 1em; max-width: 625px; transition: margin 0.2s ease 0s; width: auto;"><h1 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left;"><span face="Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Noto Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Arial, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol, Noto Color Emoji" style="color: #374151;"><span style="background-color: white; white-space: pre-wrap;">Parents Need to Know About Facebook's New Privacy Controls</span></span></h1></section><section class="article-content" style="-webkit-transition: margin 0.2s; margin-left: auto; margin-right: 25px; margin-top: 1em; max-width: 625px; transition: margin 0.2s ease 0s; width: auto;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Parents, as you may be aware, Facebook is one of the largest social media platforms in the world. It is a place where people can connect with friends and family, share their thoughts and experiences, and discover new content. However, with the increasing concerns about online privacy, Facebook has made some changes to its privacy controls that you need to be aware of as a parent.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Here's what you need to know:</span></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Privacy Checkup Tool</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Facebook has introduced a new Privacy Checkup tool that makes it easier for users to review and adjust their privacy settings. This tool guides users through a series of prompts to help them understand who can see their posts, who can contact them, and how to keep their account secure. It is important to review your privacy settings regularly to ensure that your personal information is protected.</span></p><ol start="2" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Control Over Personal Information</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Facebook has also given users more control over their personal information. Users can now choose who can see their contact and basic info, such as their email address and phone number. They can also choose who can see their friends list and who can look them up using their email address or phone number.</span></p><ol start="3" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">Improved Data Deletion Options<span><a name='more'></a></span></span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Facebook has improved its data deletion options to make it easier for users to delete their posts and activity history. Users can now delete their posts in bulk, making it easier to manage their online presence. Facebook has also introduced a new Manage Activity tool that allows users to archive or delete old posts, making it easier to control their digital footprint.</span></p><ol start="4" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><span style="background-color: white;">New Messenger Privacy Controls</span></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">Facebook has also introduced new privacy controls for its Messenger app. Users can now choose who can contact them on Messenger, and can even block people from contacting them entirely. Users can also choose to only receive messages from their Facebook friends, making it easier to control who can communicate with them online.</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: white;">In conclusion, Facebook's new privacy controls are an important step in protecting users' personal information online. As a parent, it is important to stay up-to-date with these changes and to educate your children on the importance of online privacy. Encourage your children to review their privacy settings regularly and to think carefully about what they share online. By taking these steps, you can help ensure that your family stays safe and secure online.</span></p>
</section></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-65774450863269017962023-04-19T03:32:00.002+05:002023-04-25T06:09:49.959+05:00MGT602 Midterm Subjective Solved from Past Papers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">MGT602= t Midterm Subjective Solved from Past Papers</span></u></i></b></h1>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">By::: YASIR JAVAED<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Characteristics of searching an outside partner. (3
Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Following are a few things that one always tries to search
in their partner and which not only makes a great partner but also are the
characteristics of a great relationship.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Someone who is caring and honest.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Someone who is open and
responsive and with whom you can confide in like a friend.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Someone who is trustworthy and
who will risk his/her life for you</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What is Business Plan. (3 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A business plan is a written document prepared by the entrepreneur
that describes all the relevant external and internal elements involved in
starting a new venture. It addresses both short- and long-term decision making.
The business plan is like a road map for the business’ development. The
Internet also provides outlines for business planning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Why business plan is
significant. (5 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Business plan is significant
because, in running or starting a business, the learning curve is short before
you run out of resources and are forced to close. Therefore, a business plan
helps you set up a sound framework, model and system ahead of time, as well as,
treat potential problems and threats, so that you can capably run a business. A
funding business plan will save you a lot of time and money. The beautiful
thing about a business plan is that it actually creates the future of your
business, as you want it to be. It gives you more control over what future
success will come. More importantly, it gives you a great process to grow the
future business you desire, whether that is a start up, acquisition, expansion
or build out.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">How present business plan to
potential investor<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">It is often necessary for an
entrepreneur to orally present the business plan to investors.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Typically the entrepreneur
provides a short (20-30 minutes) presentation of the business plan. The
entrepreneur must sell their business concept in a short time period. A venture
capitalist or angel group may also ask the entrepreneur to present the plan to
their partners before making a final decision.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Strategic issues in
international entrepreneurship<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Strategic Issues to Consider:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1. Is rapid
entry into the market needed?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">2. Will joint
venture result in obtaining a competitive advantage?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">3. The
allocation of responsibility between the U.S. and the foreign operation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">4. Would the
joint venture lower the chances of expropriation (mining ventures)?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">5. What’s the
degree of standardization possible?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What will your strategic
planning while enter international market<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">When you decide to enter into the
international market you should keep few things in mind. When you decide to
enter into the international market you should change your mindset. Each and
every country has its own tradition and culture. The same product, brand name
and marketing campaign are not sufficient to introduce your business to other
countries. You have to know about the country and the requirements specific to
the nation. The important thing that is required is the research about the
country you are trying to expose your business into. Study the culture,
requirements and the market for your product. Learn about the international policies
of the country to avoid legal problems later. Talk more about your
international marketing strategy to friends and relatives living in other
countries. As you spend more of your time in doing this research you will be
able to get a clear idea of what people in other countries want from you. It is
important that you have to build a trust among the people about your product</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div><span><a name='more'></a></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Why entrepreneur should have
good relation with lawyer<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>1. Trust:</u></i></b>
Building a good relationship with an attorney who’s conscientious and cares
about your success is invaluable. Having a thoughtful and client-oriented
lawyer will give you a sense of security and peace of mind.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Your attorney will do your
worrying for you and identify the risks that can affect you then give you a way
to avoid them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>2. Save time:</u></i></b>
Time is money, and your time is best spent making money.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A good attorney will already know
what you’re up against and most times will find an answer faster than you can
because of their training.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">3. Knowledgeable<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Your attorney should be up to
date on all of the current decisions and regulations that affect your
particular business situation. He should also be aware of local, state, and
federal laws that affect your business. This knowledge base can go a long way to
helping you get better deals, avoid bad deals, and avoid compliance issues.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>4. Skill set:</u></i></b>
Your skill set is your talent and identifying the resources to make your talent
profitable.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">5. Focus/Freedom<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Having an attorney handle your
legal affairs saves you money in the long run because your focus and attention
doesn’t have to waiver or split between your business goals and effectively
achieving those goals in the most risk averse manner.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">6. . Leverage<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The best way to leverage your
negotiations to maximize their profitability and reduce risk is to have a
skilled attorney handle them for you.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Difference b/n indirect export & direct export
(3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Exporting <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">As a general rule, an
entrepreneur starts doing international business through exporting. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>Indirect exporting</u></i></b>
involves a foreign purchaser in the local market or using an export management
firm. For certain commodities, foreign buyers seek out sources of supply.
Export management firms, another indirect method, are located in many
commercial centers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>Direct exporting</u></i></b>
through independent distributors or through one’s own overseas sales office is
another entry method. An independent foreign distributor directly contacts
foreign customers and takes care of all technicalities. Entrepreneurs who do
not wish to give up control over marketing can open overseas sales offices and
hire their own salespeople.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Explain “business method patents” (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A patent is a contract between
the government and an inventor. The government grants the inventor exclusivity
for a specified amount of time. At the end, the government publishes the
invention, and it becomes part of the public domain. The patent gives the
owners a negative right, preventing anyone from making, using, or selling the
invention.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Types of Patents<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Utility Patents</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Design Patents</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Plant Patents</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->International Patents<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Situation of entrepreneurship in Far East (5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Entrepreneurial success in some Asian countries
has been significant because of the culture and the political and economic
systems. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The Malaysian government has established the
Malaysian Industrial Development authority to promote efforts to eradicate
poverty, but has not accomplished much.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->In Singapore, entrepreneurial success is greatly
esteemed. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Japan’s social structure discourages
entrepreneurship. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Hong Kong is a major entrepreneurial center.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What should kept in mind to create a website (5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A successful website has three
characteristics: speed, speed, and speed. Short download time should be the primary
concern of website developers. A website should be easy to use, customized for
specific market target groups, and compatible with different browsers. If the
company is targeting international markets, then translation and cultural
adaptation need to be considered. Probably the most difficult aspect of setting
up an online business is advertising and promoting the web pages. A company can
advertise its website through search engines, banner ads, e-mail, and
classifieds. Banner ads can be targeted to the exact audience of the firm. The
entrepreneur should collect e-mail addresses from customers for targeted e-mail
campaigns. The Internet offers many low-cost or free services for small
businesses, including Internet access, unlimited e-mail accounts, online
calendar, instant messaging, and online conference rooms.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Difference b/n international &
domestic entrepreneurship (3) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Whether international or
domestic, an entrepreneur is concerned about the same basic issues- sales,
costs, and profits. What varies is the relative importance of the factors being
considered. International entrepreneurial decisions are more complex due to
uncontrollable factors such as the following.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Economics</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Balance of Payments</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Political-Legal Environment</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Cultural Environment</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Technological Environment</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Consumer can help in creating new idea for new product.
Discuss how the consumer can be helpful. 3 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Potential entrepreneurs should pay close attention to the
final focal point of the idea for a new product or service the potential
consumer. This can be an informal or formal survey of consumers expressing
their opinions. Care should be taken to ensure that the idea represents a large
enough market.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What is copyright? What are its limitations? 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The <a href="http://www.investorwords.com/1815/exclusive.html"><span style="text-decoration: initial;">exclusive</span></a> <a href="http://www.investorwords.com/4282/right.html"><span style="text-decoration: initial;">right</span></a> to <a href="http://www.investorwords.com/10256/make.html"><span style="text-decoration: initial;">make</span></a> and <a href="http://www.investorwords.com/9477/dispose.html"><span style="text-decoration: initial;">dispose</span></a> of <a href="http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/copy.html"><span style="text-decoration: initial;">copies</span></a>
of a literary, musical, or artistic <a href="http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/work.html"><span style="text-decoration: initial;">work</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Limitations<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">All other uses require permission and copyright owners can
license or permanently transfer or assign their exclusive rights to others.
Copyright does not protect ideas, only their expression or fixation. Without
the permission of owner you cannot have a right to copy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and its
working I think ask from teacher? (05 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b> </b>GATT is a
multilateral agreement with the objective of liberalizing trade by eliminating
tariffs and import quotas. In each round, mutual tariff reductions are
negotiated between member nations. Members can ask for investigation of
violations. While GATT has helped develop more unrestricted trade, its
voluntary membership gives it little authority.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What is Trademark? Discuss the categories of Trademark?
(05 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A<i> trademark</i> may be a word,
symbol, design, or some combination that identifies the source of certain
goods. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A trademark can last
indefinitely, as long as it continues to perform its indicated function. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The trademark is given a 20-year
registration with 20-year renewable terms. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">In the fifth to sixth year, you
must file an affidavit with the PTO indicating that the patent is in commercial
use.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Today the law allows filing a
trademark solely on the intent to use the trademark in interstate commerce. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">There are benefits to registering
a mark that has already been in use. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>Categories of
trademarks:</u></i></b> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Coined marks denote no relationship between the
mark and the goods and afford the possibility of expansion. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->An arbitrary mark is one that has another
meaning in our language. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->A suggestive mark is used to suggest certain
features or characteristics of a product or service. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->A descriptive mark must have become distinctive
and gained recognition before it can be registered. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Registering a trademark can offer significant
advantages to the entrepreneur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 41 ( Marks: 10 ) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">In the given situations what types of merger is suitable
for each situation and why?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">· McDonald’s with KFC<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">· One steel mill with another
steel mill<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">· ABN AMRO with Royal bank of
Scotland<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">· Steel mill with a fertilizer
producing firm<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">· An oil cooking producing
company with Desi Ghee producing company<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><i><u>McDonald’s with KFC:</u></i> The merger in this case
will be a horizontal merger because they both produce related products, which
is the condition of horizontal merger.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><i><u>One Steel Mill with other Steel Mill:</u></i> The two
steel mills will merge horizontally because both the mills are producing
similar product.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><i><u>ABN AMRO with Royal Bank of Scotland:</u></i> Both the
banks will merge horizontally because both are providing similar type of
services.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Steel mill with a fertilizer producing firm: Since both the
firms are non-interrelated so this merger will be a diversified merger.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><i><u>An oil</u></i> <i><u>cooking producing company with
Desi Ghee producing company:</u></i> The merger in this situation will be a
production merger because production of both products is related but the
products themselves are not competing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 ) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Which factors should be studied by entrepreneur to
conduct environmental analysis while preparing a business plan? Explain the
factors. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The entrepreneur should first conduct an environmental
analysis to identify trends and changes occurring on a national and
international level that may impact the new venture. Examples of environmental
factors are: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Economy </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Culture </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Technology </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">· Legal concerns </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Economy</u>:</i> The entrepreneur first
wants to know the economic situation of country where he wants to start the
business because this has great impact on its success. If economical situation
is not stabilizes then investors will not willing to invest with us, which is
the first step for every beginning of business.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Culture</u>:</i> It has too much influence
on our products which we made. If we produce such thing which is not familiar
to people where the business operate there should be loss for. For example; if
Bonanza will start to produce Shalwar & Kameez suits in Arab countries who
will buy, because in Arab countries there culture is different from us. So, entrepreneur
must first look about the culture trends.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Technology</u></i><u>: </u>Now a day’s
technology changes day to day. Every day or week new inventions is there in
market, which help us to make business easy for us. We should keep update
ourselves in technology perspective to save more money and produce more.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Legal Concerns</u>:</i> These are
important issue for every entrepreneur. As every country have its own and
different laws there. Therefore, he/she must be having knowledge about the
limitations and permissions from government of that country where he/she want
to do business. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 ) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">While entering into the international market the
companies usually have strategic planning process. What should be considered in
the strategic planning?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Strategic Planning offers ideas on how to match the
organization’s design to its products and capabilities, goals and resources.
This process is much easier to execute once you have obtained a basic knowledge
of exporting value-added food products, understand the marketing research
process, and analyzed the elements of the marketing mix. Proper organization,
both internally and externally, allow the firm to become more efficient in its
operations and expansion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">After the information the first step in building a successful
export strategy is determining the firm’s readiness to export. The following
are guidelines on preparing an export business plan, developing export
marketing skills, designing a template for an export marketing plan and
considering marketing tools prior to engaging directly in promotional
activities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>What are the key environmental factors which
differentiate international entrepreneurship from domestic
entrepreneurship? 3marks<br />
</b>Factors Which Differentiate International Entrepreneurship from Domestic
Entrepreneurship</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Economics </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Balance of Payments </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Type of System Barter, third-party arrangements</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Political-Legal Environment </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Cultural Environment </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Technological Environment </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Strategic Issues </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 ) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Describe any three issues that
should be addressed in executive summary.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Executive Summary </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">This is prepared after the total
plan is written. It should be three to four pages in length and should
highlight the key points in the business plan. The summary should highlight in
a concise manner the key points in the business plan. Issues that should be
addressed include: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1. Brief
description of the business concept </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">2. Any data that
support the opportunity for the venture. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">3. Statement of
you this opportunity will be pursued. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">4. Highlight
some key financial results that can be achieved Because of the limited scope of
the summary, the entrepreneur should ascertain what is important to the
audience to whom the plan is directed</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div><span><!--more--></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b><i><u>Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 ) <o:p></o:p></u></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Briefly discuss the status of
entrepreneurship in Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Europe has only recently become interested in
entrepreneurship. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Risk taking has been discouraged and business
failure considered a social disgrace.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Several changes in the social and political
climate have changed this traditional, security- conscious culture. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Exemplifying this new thinking are academics,
especially scientists and engineers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Today more individuals are emerging in both
academic circles and large companies who are look for a challenge. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->New government policies are making it easier to
raise money for starting up businesses.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->The U.K. created the Business Expansion Scheme
in 1983 to provide capital to new business ventures. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->In France several economic and social factors
cause difficulties.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Venture capital is managed by bankers, who are
risk averse.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Another hurdle is the French contempt for both
failure and success. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Research in Ireland and Sweden has explored the
nature of European entrepreneurship. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 ) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Discuss what kind of
information should be mentioned in “description of venture” section of a
business plan.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Description of the Venture </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The description of the venture
should be detailed in this section. This should begin with the mission
statement or company mission, which describes the nature of the business and
what the entrepreneur hopes to accomplish. The new venture should be described
in detail, including the product, location, personnel, background of
entrepreneur, and history of the venture. The emphasis placed on location is a
function of the type of business. Maps that locate customers, competitors, and
alternative locations can be helpful. If the building or site decision involves
legal issues, the entrepreneur should hire a lawyer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 ) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Briefly discuss licensing and
its benefits.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><i><u>LICENSING:-</u></i>
Licensing is an arrangement between two parties, where one party has
proprietary rights protected by a patent, trademark, or copyright. This
requires the licensee to pay a royalty to the holder of the proprietary rights
in return for permission to copy the patent. Licensing has significant value as
a marketing strategy to holders of patents.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><i><u>Benefits</u></i> Licensing
can increase revenues, without the risk and costly start-up investment.
Licensing can also be a way to start a new venture when the idea may infringe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5
) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">While using brain storming for new idea creation what
measures should be taken to acquire a good idea?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Brainstorming <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A group method of obtaining new ideas and solutions is
called brainstorming. The brainstorming method for generating new ideas is
based on the fact that people can be stimulated to greater creativity by
meeting with others an d participating with organized group experiences.
Although most of the ideas generated from the group have no basis for further
development, often a good idea emerges. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Creative problem solving is a method for obtaining new ideas
focusing on the parameters.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Brainstorming </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The first technique, brainstorming, is probably the most
well known and widely used for both creative problem solving and idea
generation. It is an unstructured process for generating all possible ideas
about a problem within a limited time frame through the spontaneous
contribution of participants. All ideas, no matter how illogical, must be
recorded, with participants prohibited from criticizing or evaluating during
the brainstorming session. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Reverse brainstorming <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Similar to brainstorming, but criticism is allowed and
encouraged as a way to bring out possible problems with the ideas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5
) <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">While developing the web site what characteristics should
be kept in mind?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A well designed website can bring
positive effect to a company’s image. It speaks a lot about your organization
and can give it public recognition. So, while creating a website certain things
have to be taken care of. Some of the points that should be strictly followed
for developing an effective website design are mentioned below:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Importance of Focus- first the target audience
should be determined and then the design should be done according to their
tastes and requirements. The site should be visually appealing and the content
should be simple. Otherwise the online visitors will click out of the site.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Reduced Loading Time- always avoid using large
images in a website. This is because; big images extend the loading time and
thus reduce a site’s possibility of getting public attention.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Keep the Site Simple- the site should be kept
simple. Insertion of too much flash elements should be avoided and the colors
used in the website should be eye soothing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .35in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Importance of Balance- HTML can be used for
displaying all the links to the other web pages. However, while providing web
design solutions, the one thing that should be kept in mind is the browser
compatibilities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">How prepare business plan for
attract investors (3)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Investors provide large sums of
capital for ownership (equity) and expect to cash out within 5 to 7 years. They
will often place more emphasis on the entrepreneur’s character than lenders.
The venture capitalist will play an important role in management of the
business and wants the entrepreneurs to be pliable and willing to accept this
involvement. These investors will also demand high rates of return and will
thus focus on the market and financial projections. If the entrepreneur does
not consider the needs of these sources, the plan may be an internalized
document without consideration of the feasibility of meeting market goals. Most
external advisors and potential investors are bound by a professional code of
ethics regarding disclosure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br />
<b><i><u>Question No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></u></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">In which classification the
research on ‘business ethics’ can be broken down?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Research on business ethics can
be broken down into four broad classifications: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1.
Pedagogically-oriented inquiry </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">2.
Theory-building without empirical testing </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">3. Empirical
research, measuring the attitudes and ethical beliefs of students and academic
faculty </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">4. Empirical
research within business environments </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Discuss the ‘age’ factor as an
important characteristic of entrepreneurs.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Age</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Entrepreneurial age is the age of
the entrepreneur reflected in the experience. Entrepreneurial experience is one
of the best predictors of success. In chronological age, most entrepreneurs
start their careers between ages 22 and 55. Earlier starts in an
entrepreneurial career seem to be better than later ones. Generally, male
entrepreneurs start their first venture in their early 30s, while women tend to
do so in their middle 30s.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 42 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Elaborate the situation of
entrepreneurship in the Far East.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Entrepreneurial success in some Asian countries has
been significant because of the culture and the political and economic
systems. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #20124d;">The Malaysian government has established the
Malaysian Industrial Development authority to promote efforts to eradicate
poverty, but has not accomplished much. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #20124d;">In Singapore, entrepreneurial success is greatly
esteemed. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Japan’s social structure discourages
entrepreneurship.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Hong Kong is a major entrepreneurial center.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 41 ( Marks:
5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What is meant by role models?
What role do they perform?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">ROLE MODELS AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS
One of the most important factors influencing entrepreneurs in their career
choice is role models. Role models can be parents, relatives, or successful
entrepreneurs in the community. Role models can also serve in a supportive
capacity as mentors during and after the new venture is launched. This support
system is most crucial during the start-up phase. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">It is important that an
entrepreneur establish connections to support resources early in the venture
formation process. As contacts expand they form a network with density
(extensiveness of ties between two individuals) and centrality (the total
distance of the entrepreneur to all other individuals.) The strength of ties
between the entrepreneur and any individual is dependent on the frequency,
level, and reciprocity of the relationship. An informal network for moral and
professional support benefits the entrepreneur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 41 ( Marks:
5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Enlist any five
characteristics in which male entrepreneurs are different from female
entrepreneurs.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Education <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Education appears important in
the upbringing of the entrepreneur, in the level of education obtained and in
playing a major role in coping with problems. Although formal education is not
necessary for starting a new business, it does provide a good background. In
education, female entrepreneurs previously experienced some disadvantage, with
few having degrees in engineering, science, or math. The ability to deal with
people and communicate clearly in written and spoken work is also important. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Personal Values <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Studies have failed to indicate
that entrepreneurs can be differentiated on personal valued from managers,
unsuccessful entrepreneurs, or the general public. Leadership, support,
aggression, benevolence, conformity, creativity, veracity, and resource seeking
may also be important. A successful entrepreneur is frequently characterized as
a winner; winning may be a prerequisite for his or her actually becoming one. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Age <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Entrepreneurial age is the age of
the entrepreneur reflected in the experience. Entrepreneurial experience is one
of the best predictors of success. In chronological age, most entrepreneurs
start their careers between ages 22 and 55. Earlier starts in an
entrepreneurial career seem to be better than later ones. Generally, male
entrepreneurs start their first venture in their early 30s, while women tend to
do so in their middle 30s. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Work History <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Dissatisfaction with one’s job
often motivates the launching of a new venture. Previous technical and industry
experience is also important once the decision to start a business is made.
Experience in the following areas is particularly important: financing; product
or service development; manufacturing; development of distribution channels;
and preparation of a marketing plan. As the venture becomes established,
managerial experience and skills become more important. Entrepreneurial
experience becomes increasingly important as the complexity of the venture
increases. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><i><u>MOTIVATION</u></i></b>
While motivations may vary, the reason cited most often for becoming an
entrepreneur independence-not wants to work for anyone else. Other motivating
factors differ between male and female entrepreneurs. Money is the second
reason for men’s starting a venture. Job satisfaction, achievement,
opportunity, and money are the second order reasons for women.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Explain types of exchange systems & explain how
barter system emerged in international trade. 5marks<br />
</b>There are two type of exchange system </span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #20124d;">Barter
system </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #20124d;">Third
party arrangement</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Barter system <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> A method of
payments using non-money items </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Third party arrangement<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> Paying for goods indirectly through another
source </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Barter system emerged in international trade</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The former USSR received technology and syrup from Pepsi and
provided it with Soviet vodka and rights to distribute it in the US. This is an
example of: barter system. Pepsi is used barter type arrangement that satisfied
both the socialized system of the former USSR and the U.S capitalist system. In
return of receiving technology and syrup form Pepsi, the former USSR provided
with company with soviet vodka and the right to distribute in the united state</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What is gordon method how is it used for creative problem
solving? 3 marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Gordon method is a method of developing new ideas when the
individuals are unaware of the problem. In this method the entrepreneur starts
by mentioning a general concept associated with the problem. The group responds
with expressing a number of ideas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What are conditions of best partner? 3(marks) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A good partner help the entrepreneur achieve his or her goal
such as market access, cost sharing, or more competency obtainment. They also
share the entrepreneur’s vision and are unlikely try to opportunistically
exploit the partnership for their own benefit.
<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Why a lawyer is needed to create a new venture explain
reasons?<br />
</b>NEED FOR A LAWYER </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">All business is regulated by law. The entrepreneur needs to
be aware of regulations that affect the new venture. At different stages the
entrepreneur will need legal advice. The legal expertise required will vary
based on factors such as type of product and organizational status. The
entrepreneur should carefully evaluate his or her needs before hiring a lawyer.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What R the Factors that
Facilitate the Growth of E-Commerce? (3 marks )<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Factors that facilitate the
growth of e- commerce are: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1. The
widespread use of personal computers. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">2. The adoption
of intranets in companies. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">3. The
acceptance of the Internet as a business communications platform.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">As an Entrepreneur if u start
new Business at which factors u would concentrate in the context of Economics.
(3 marks )<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Economics </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A domestic business strategy is
designed under a single economic system. Creating a business strategy for
multiple countries means dealing with different levels of economic development
and different distribution systems.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Discuss why it is necessary for an entrepreneur to have
good relationship with a lawyer.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The entrepreneur normally does not have the expertise and
much know how to handle possible risk associated with many different laws and
regulations. So , an entrepreneur needs help of a competent lawyer to
handle such situations nicely.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">A good relationship with a competent lawyer may help
entrepreneur to eliminate risk associated with new starting business and it
will give confidence to the entrepreneur. The lawyer with whom you are going to
work should be some one you can relate easily and frankly with trust. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Problem Inventory Analysis Techniques. (5 Marks)<br />
</b>Problem inventory analysis uses individuals in a manner that is like to
focus groups to generate new product ideas. However instead of generating new
ideas themselves, consumers are provided with a list of problems in a general
product category. They are then asked to identify and discuss products in this
category that have the particular problem. This method is often effective since
it is easier to relate known products to suggested problems and arrive at a new
product idea then to generate an entirely new idea by itself.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Discuss the role of export
management firm as an indirect source of exporting. 5</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Export management firms, another
indirect method, are located in many commercial centers. For a fee, these firms
will provide representation in foreign market. Typically, they represent a
group of non-competing manufactures from the same country who have no interest
in becoming directly involved in exporting. The expert management handles all
of selling, marketing and delivery, in addition to any problem technical problems
involved in the export process. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Briefly discuss the product planning and development
stage. 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">This refining process- the product planning and development
process – is divided in to five major stages. Idea stage, concept stage,
product development stage, test marketing stage and commercializing; it result
in the product life cycle. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Idea Stage<o:p></o:p></u></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Promising new product ideas should
be identified and impractical ones eliminated in the idea stage allowing
maximum use of company’s resources. In the systematic market evaluation
checklist method, each new product idea is expressed in terms of its chief
values, merits, and benefits.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Concept Stage <o:p></o:p></u></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.35in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">In the concept stage the refined idea
is tested to determine consumer acceptance without manufacturing it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Product Development Stage <o:p></o:p></u></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">In this stage, consumer reaction
is determined, often through a consumer panel. The panel can be given samples
of the product and competitors’ products to determine consumer preference.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Commercialization<o:p></o:p></u></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Although the results of product
development stage provide the basis of the final marketing plan, the market
test can be done to increase the certainty of successful commercialization. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .35in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><i><u>Test Marketing Stage<o:p></o:p></u></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The last step in the evaluation
process, the test marketing stage, provides actual sales results which indicate
the acceptance level of consumers. Positive test results indicate the degree of
probability of a successful product launch and company formation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>What activities are required at
Test Marketing Stage of Product Planning & Development Process? (3 M)<br />
</b>Test Marketing Stage Although the results of product development stage
provide the basis of the final marketing plan, the market test can be done to
increase the certainty of successful commercialization. The last step in the
evaluation process, the test marketing stage, provides actual sales results
which indicate the acceptance level of consumers. Positive test results
indicate the degree of probability of a successful product launch and company
formation.<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Discuss how can lenders evaluate the business plan. (5
marks)<br />
</b> Lenders are primarily interested in
the ability of the new venture to pay back the debt and focus on the four C’s
of credit: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1. The entrepreneur’s credit
history or character. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">2. Their ability to meet debt and
interest payments (cash flow.) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">3. The collateral or tangible
assets being secured. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">4. Equity contribution or the
amount of personal equity that has been invested by the entrepreneur. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">a.b.c. company want do international business discuss the
effects of trade barriers and effects on entrepreneur.<br />
<i><u>Entrepreneur’s Strategies and Trade Barriers <o:p></o:p></u></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Trade barriers pose problems for entrepreneurs who want to
become involved in international business. Trade barriers increase the costs of
exporting projects to a country. Voluntary export restrictions may limit the
ability to sell products in a country from production facilities outside the
country. An entrepreneur may have to locate assembly or facilities in a country
to conform to the local content regulations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Explain business method patent & give example.
3marks<br />
</b>A patent is a contract between the government and an inventor. The
government grants the inventor exclusivity for a specified amount of time. At
the end, the government publishes the invention, and it becomes part of the
public domain. The patent gives the owners a negative right, preventing anyone
from making, using, or selling the invention.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br />
<b>Why business plan is significant. (5 Marks)<br />
</b>Business plan is significant because, In running or starting a business,
the learning curve is short before you run out of resources and are forced to
close. Therefore, a business plan helps you set up a sound framework, model and
system ahead of time, as well as, treat potential problems and threats, so that
you can capably run a business. A funding business plan will save you a lot of
time and money. The beautiful thing about a business plan is that it actually
creates the future of your business, as you want it to be. It gives you more
control over what future success will come. More importantly, it gives you a
great process to grow the future business you desire, whether that is a start
up, acquisition, expansion or build out.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Intellectual property which includes patents, trademarks,
copyrights, and trade secrets represent important assets of entrepreneur and
should be understood even before engaging the services of an attorney. Because
entrepreneurs often don’t understand intellectual property, they can ignore
steps that should be taken to protect these assets.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">What activities are done at product development stage pf
the product development process? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">In this stage, consumer reaction is determined, often
through a consumer panel. The panel can be given samples of the product and
competitors’ products to determine consumer preference. Participants keep the
record of their use of product and comment on its virtues and deficiencies. The
panel of consumers is also given a sample of product and one or more
competitive product simultaneously. One test product may already be on the
market, whereas the other test product is new.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="color: #20124d;">Question No: 42 __ (
Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">ABC firm (a renowned company)
wants to own foreign subsidiary in other country named Z.ABC firm wants to
reduce the risk with a quick entry in the market of country Z. but the firm is
not much familiar with the culture and market structure of the country Z. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Which type of investment would
you suggest the ABC firm should do? Support your answer with sound reasoning.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-33294151006497307432023-04-18T20:43:00.001+05:002023-04-25T03:27:39.149+05:00MGT603 GDB Solution 30-11-2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h1 style="text-align: left;">
MGT603 GDB Solution 30-11-2012</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Total Marks20</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Starting DateWednesday, November 28,
2012</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Closing DateFriday, November 30, 2012</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">StatusOpen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Question/Description</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Topic: <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>External</strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b> </b></span><strong>Assessment</strong></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Learning
Objectives:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->To highlight the external factors that can have
an impact on company’s operations</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->To enlighten the impact of External Factors on
company’s strategies</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Learning<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">Outcomes</span>:</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">After
completing this activity, the student will understand:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Significance of external<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">assessment</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>of company.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->How company incorporates change of external
factors in its own strategies?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">The
Case</span></b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">GOURMET
started its operations as a bakery and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">confectioner</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>shop
in 1987 in <st1:city w:st="on">Lahore</st1:city>.
With focus on customer’s need and serving<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">quality</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>products,
it has diversified into a versatile<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">food company</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and
has spread its network all over the city of <st1:city w:st="on">Lahore</st1:city>. The products include bakery items,
mithai, dairy products, beverages, traditional halwas and premium bakery
items/beverages etc. It has also extended the operations by introducing<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">restaurants</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and providing catering for all occasion. </span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">It
is the largest Lahore-based food retail chain of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Pakistan</st1:country-region> having competitors like
Shezan, Doce’, Cakes n Bakes and the Premium bakery brands (Kitchen Cuisine,
Masooms, Moods). Shezan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">restaurant</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>inauguration
prompted Gourmet to come and deal in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>restaurants<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>as well. Similarly the recent
trend of premium bakery brands resulted in the launching of premium sub-brand
of gourmet bakers i.e. Bon Vivant.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Point
to Ponder</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">Taking
into consideration the above-stated developments, identify and enlist the major
External Factors which might have contributed in Gourmet’s<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="ilad">business</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>diversification.</span></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #20124d;">SOLUTION IDEA<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">The term "diversification" is usually associated
with a change in the characteristics of the<br />
company's product line and/or market, in contrast to market penetration, market
development,<br />
and product development, which represent other types of change in
product-market structure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">External factors are those factors which are external to
the environment of the GOURMET.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">Now discussion is open for u people.. Everybody can
contribute to this discussion, in the end we can conclude a solution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Return expectations</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">in my point of view:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">the
external factors may include<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->rivalry challenges<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
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needs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->related market
environment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;">baqi
ap log btayen mere zehan main to yhi aye<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>Why diversification?</strong><br />
Often companies diversify for a host of good reasons. In other cases, it
becomes a survival strategy when single product or service strategy reaches the
limits of revenue generation. To achieve genuine success from planned
diversification firms must reinforce internal development; pursue value-chain
acquisitions, form strategic alliances and joint ventures. Often you will find
that each route has its own set of issues like benefits and limitations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">However,
diversification must be driven by (1) opportunities afforded in the business
environment, (2) in possession of right resources and (3) own the right skills
sets to make structural adjustments to extend the range of goods or services to
your exising customers or new markets. By extending your portfolio of products
or services, you can ensure new regular revenue streams to boost growth
prospects.<span><a name='more'></a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">In
theory, the two principal objectives governing diversification are (a) to
improve core process execution and (b) enhance a business unit's structural
position by creating additional value through synergetic integration of new
businesses into the existing ones. These approaches grant a firm to improve its
competitive advantage and thereby, increasing the value for owners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>Diversification typically takes one of three forms:</strong><br />
Vertical Integration – integrating business along the value chain, both
upstream and downstream, so that one efficiently feeds the other,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Horizontal
Diversification – moving into more than one industry or new industry relates to
the existing ones or pursue a strategy of unrelated diversification,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Geographical
Diversification – open up new markets, moving into new geographical area to
overcome limited growth opportunities in the local market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>When to diversify</strong><br />
When to diversify has significance in business decision-making. It is about
timing - until the core business is stable enough and the right business
environment omnipresent for profit making. The catalyst is the knack for
visioning and grasping the opportunity when presented to move away from unprofitable
businesses and has limited scope in particular market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>Diversification strategy</strong><br />
Diversification strategies are used to expand firms' operations by adding
markets, products, services, or stages of production to the existing business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The
purpose of diversification is to allow the company to enter lines of business
that are different from current operations. When the new venture is
strategically related to the existing lines of business, it is called
concentric diversification. Conglomerate diversification occurs when there is
no common thread of strategic fit or relationship between the new and old lines
of business; the new and old businesses are unrelated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Some
believe that diversification is by natural progression, i.e. extending the
brand by offering a much wider range of products that will appeal to the same
customer base. An accurate description of diversification is capitalizing on a
firm’s core competence and the strength of a successful brand to move into new
markets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br />
A company's core competencies are the prized possession that give the
competitive advantage – for example, process knowledge and the acquisition of
raw material that you turn out better than ones’ competitors do. Those
extensions represent excellent opportunities for diversification.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">To
strengthen diversification, a new strategic business unit must be capable of
transforming and benefiting from the existing core competence to make it
difficult for competition to replicate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Another
popular business diversification strategy is called forward and backwards
integration acquisition of operations in the supply chain for opportunities to
strengthen a firms grip on the market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>Pros and cons of diversification</strong><br />
It is naïve to think that diversification can put a firm on the fast track to
growth but if the strategy fails, it can also burn up money simply because the
management failed to understand the teething problems of a new venture. When
expanding a brand into new markets there is a real danger that it will have no
resonance with the newly targeted customers. Thus, it is vital to conduct
extensive research on new markets to determine the sustainability before
diversifying.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">More
often, firms in a rush to jump ahead of the competition fail to look in the
mirror ask if they are really ready and if the existing business is healthy
enough to support the diversification. Do they have the right managers to guide
and cope with a diverging strategy? Should they integrate the diversified
business into one company or branch off as a new business operation? Once those
decisions are made to plunge to diversify, they need to remain for the
duration. If not, what will be exposed is their poor decision-making skills and
also raises serious questions about their judgments on all matters. Here is the
axiom that corporate big wigs ought to follow - think hard before you jump!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>Diversification in the context of growth strategies</strong><br />
Diversification is solely a growth strategy and it should not be driven by
egoistic compulsion to match what your competitors are engaged in. Growth
strategies should be based on right vision and the capacity to mobilize
resources to overcome all adversities venturing into the unknown. Ordinarily a
strong view held by corporate <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sri
Lanka</st1:country-region>’s executives is that "bigger is
better." Growth in sales is often used as a measure of performance. Even
if profits remain stable or decline, an increase in sales satisfies many people
even though the profits are down. The assumption is often made that if sales
increase, profits will eventually follow – not so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">The
golden rule for timed-diversification is when a firm has acquired lower
production know-how; labour efficiency; redesign of products or production
processes e lower costs and with the right mix of what they are capable of and
meeting consumer satisfaction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><strong>Strategy and management teams</strong><br />
Rewards for managers are usually greater when a firm is pursuing a growth
strategy since it is profit-driven. The higher the sales level, the larger the
compensation received. As a result, managers tend to pursue risks that would
bring the highest rewards for them, but may not necessarily be the right
strategies for companies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Often
it is hard to say whether a firm's diversification strategy is well matched by
the strengths of its top management factoring their past successes. For
example, the success of a diversification will depend not only on how well
integrated are the key factors, but also on how well suited are top executives
are to manage that effort and guide through rough times. Studies also suggest
that different diversification strategies require different sets of skills
within a firm, not relying on the same company managers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">To
be successful, a firm must invest in acquiring the right skills, if not at
least provide the opportunities to enhance those critical skills to within. The
days of jack-of-all-trades are gone, specialization have become that
significant today to insure that corporate goals are achieved with minimum
losses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0in 0in 4.8pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">In <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sri Lanka</st1:country-region>,
there are many solid reasons for pursuing a diversification strategy, the war
has ended and new opportunities are abundant. They could expand by developing
new business or by buying ongoing businesses. Without a question, most will be
drive by management's desire for profit making, yet that must be preceded by an
internal assessment to determine their fitness to diversify. If the answers to
all the questions posed here are positive, then corporate <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sri Lanka</st1:country-region>'s
strategic business diversification is in the right direction and Sri Lankan
business enterprising is destined to prosper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">the external factors which might have contributed in Gourmet
business. Please, reconsider and focus on the right requirement</span><br />
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span class="mw-headline"><b>Return expectations</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span class="mw-headline"><b>market line</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span class="mw-headline"><b>low risk rate</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span class="mw-headline"><b>feasibility of gain</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 4.8pt;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span class="mw-headline"><b> previous experiences will be helpful</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Reply
me I m waiting.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-58511539033962230822023-04-18T03:29:00.000+05:002023-04-18T03:29:32.148+05:00IMPORTANT CONTACTS OF VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY<h1 style="text-align: left;">IMPORTANT CONTACTS OF VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY</h1>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left;"><b>Contact Us</b></h2><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="color: black;"><tbody>
<tr><td><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="right" class="label" style="width: 337px;" valign="top"><b>VU Head Office </b></td><td align="left" colspan="3"><div class="txthighlighted"><b>Virtual University of Pakistan</b></div><div class="address"><b>M.A. Jinnah Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.</b></div></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" class="label" style="width: 337px;" valign="top"><b>Phone</b></td><td align="left" class="txthighlighted" colspan="3" width="415"><b>+92 (42) 111 880 880 </b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" class="label" style="width: 337px;" valign="top"><b>Fax</b></td><td align="left" class="txthighlighted" colspan="3"><b>+92 (42) 99200604 <br />
+92 (42) 99202174 </b></td></tr>
<tr height="15"><td align="right" class="label" colspan="4" valign="top"></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><td><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks"><b>Registrar's Office</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admissions</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Bachelor Programs </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>345</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:bacheloradmissions@vu.edu.pk">bacheloradmissions@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Master programs </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>344</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:masteradmissions@vu.edu.pk">masteradmissions@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in MS-CS program </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:msadmissions@vu.edu.pk">msadmissions@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Diploma Programs </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>341</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:diplomaadmissions@vu.edu.pk">diplomaadmissions@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Deficiency Semester </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>347</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:deficiencysemester@vu.edu.pk">mailto:deficiencysemester@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Dual Degree program </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>345</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:dualdegree@vu.edu.pk">mailto:dualdegree@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Short Courses </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>341</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:certificateadmissions@vu.edu.pk">mailto:certificateadmissions@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Zero Semester </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>347</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:zerosemester@vu.edu.pk">zerosemester@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission in Specialization Certificate</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>341</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:specializationcertificate@vu.edu.pk">specializationcertificate@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Credit Transfer / Course Exemptions </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>342</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:courseexemptions@vu.edu.pk">courseexemptions@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Re-admission </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>345</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:readmission@vu.edu.pk">readmission@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Admission Cancellation/Security refund </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>347</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:admissioncancellation@vu.edu.pk">admissioncancellation@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Overseas Students</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Overseas student issues/Change of status</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>344</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:overseas@vu.edu.pk">overseas@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Course(s) Problems</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Course Selection/Add/Drop</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>343</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:course_selection@vu.edu.pk">course_selection@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Semester Issues</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Semester Freeze / Unfreeze/Continuation of studies</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>344</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:semesterfreeze@vu.edu.pk">semesterfreeze@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Student ID Cards</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Loss of ID card/Duplicate ID card</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>348</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:idcard@vu.edu.pk">idcard@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Student Miscellaneous Issues</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Change of study Program/change of discipline</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>342</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:studyprogramchange@vu.edu.pk">studyprogramchange@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Correction of Student name/address</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>347</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:studentprofile@vu.edu.pk">studentprofile@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>DSL broadband internet connectivity</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:vubroadband@vu.edu.pk">vubroadband@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Issuance of Bonafide Certificate/ verification letter/Migration certificate</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>341</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:certificates@vu.edu.pk">certificates@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Receipt of NOC / Migration certificate of newly admit</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>345</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:migrationcertificate@vu.edu.pk">migrationcertificate@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>MS (CS) student Issues</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mscs@vu.edu.pk">mscs@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Study at home/Campus</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:athome@vu.edu.pk">athome@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Verification of student application for scholarship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>341</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:formverification@vu.edu.pk">formverification@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;"><b>Virtual Campus (Change/Complaint)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Campus Change</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:campuschange@vu.edu.pk">campuschange@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr valign="baseline"><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="height: 35px; width: 339px;" valign="bottom"><b>For Campuses ONLY</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Campus CDs</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:campus_cds@vu.edu.pk">campus_cds@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>How to become VU partner (Campus affiliation)</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:psp@vu.edu.pk">psp@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Closing / Cancellation of Campus</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:psp@vu.edu.pk">psp@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Correction/Change of Campus name & address</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:psp@vu.edu.pk">psp@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 11px; width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Campus Complaints</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>346</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:psp@vu.edu.pk">psp@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="label" style="width: 339px;"><b>Registrar, VU </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b>141</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:registrar@vu.edu.pk">registrar@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" style="width: 339px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;" valign="top"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" style="width: 11px;" valign="top"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="right" style="border-left: thin solid white; width: 185px;" valign="top"><div align="right"><br /></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><td><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks" style="height: 27px;"><b>Department of Examinations</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="height: 27px; width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" colspan="2" style="height: 27px;"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txtticker" colspan="4" style="height: 27px;"><b>Direct Phone Line: 042-99204760</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Date Sheet / Sign UP </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>354</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:DateSheet@vu.edu.pk">DateSheet@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Conduct of Local Examinations</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>359, 353 </b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Conduct@vu.edu.pk">Conduct@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="height: 28px;"><b>Conduct of Overseas Exams </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="height: 28px; width: 198px;"><b>352</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" style="height: 28px;"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:OverseasExams@vu.edu.pk">OverseasExams@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Result Related Queries</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>357</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:result@vu.edu.pk">result@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Project Result</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>355</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:projects_result@vu.edu.pk">projects_result@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>CGPA</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>357</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:result@vu.edu.pk">result@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>20% Rule</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>357</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:result@vu.edu.pk">result@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Unfair Means/Misbehavior Cases</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>358</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:umc@vu.edu.pk">umc@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Rechecking of Paper(s)</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>359</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Rechecking@vu.edu.pk">Rechecking@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Issuance of Two Year Transcripts</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>356</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Transcript_2Year@vu.edu.pk">Transcript_2Year@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Issuance of 4 Year Transcripts</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>356</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Transcript_4Year@vu.edu.pk">Transcript_4Year@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Issuance of Two Year Degree</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>351</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Degree_2Year@vu.edu.pk">Degree_2Year@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Issuance of Four Year Degree</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>351</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Degree_4Year@vu.edu.pk">Degree_4Year@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Issuance of Professional Certificates </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>351</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:professional_certificate@vu.edu.pk">professional_certificate@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Appointment/Payment of the Exam Superintendents</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>358</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Superintendent@vu.edu.pk">Superintendent@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Problems related to <br />
Appointment /Payment of the Superintendents<br />
Delay in an exam related matter <br />
Supervision of the Exam Dept.</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>152</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:dce@vu.edu.pk">dce@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt"><b>Overall supervision of Exam Dept<br />
Inordinate delay in processing various exam related cases</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 198px;"><b>151</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:ce@vu.edu.pk">ce@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks"><b>VULMS & Password</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>VULMS Issues</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>363, 261, 262</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:feedback@vu.edu.pk">feedback@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Password related issues</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>363</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:password@vu.edu.pk">password@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>E-mail related problems</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>363</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:password@vu.edu.pk">password@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks"><b>VU Bookshop</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Bookshop</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>536</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:logistics@vu.edu.pk">mailto:logistics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Issues related to Lecture CDs</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>535</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:bookshop@vu.edu.pk">mailto:bookshop@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Issues related to Lecture Handouts</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>535</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:bookshop@vu.edu.pk">mailto:bookshop@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Bookshop issues</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>536</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:logistics@vu.edu.pk">mailto:logistics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks"><b>Directorate of Finance</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>All issues relating to fee of BS / BA</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:BS_fee@vu.edu.pk">BS_fee@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>All issues relating to fee of Masters</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Masters_fee@vu.edu.pk">Masters_fee@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>All issues relating to fee of MS</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:MS_fee@vu.edu.pk">MS_fee@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>All issues relating to fee of Overseas</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Overseas_fee@vu.edu.pk">Overseas_fee@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>For rechecking, transcript, readmission ,zero semester etc. </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Others_fee@vu.edu.pk">Others_fee@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>For all refund/security releases. </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:security_refund@vu.edu.pk">security_refund@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>For all PVC Matters. </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>335</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:Pvc_accounts@vu.edu.pk">Pvc_accounts@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="label" style="width: 339px;"><b>Directorate of Finance</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:director_finance@vu.edu.pk">director_finance@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" style="width: 339px;"><b><span class="txt"><br />
</span></b><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" style="width: 11px;" valign="top"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="right" style="border-left: thin solid white; width: 185px;" valign="top"><div align="right"><br /></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt;"><td><table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks"><b>Academics</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" valign="top"><b>Final Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>MBA student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:pro619@vu.edu.pk">pro619@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (CS & IT)/MCS/MIT Software Projects</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:cs619@vu.edu.pk">cs619@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (Business Administration) student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:pro620@vu.edu.pk">pro620@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (Mass Communication) student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mcm619@vu.edu.pk">mcm619@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (Psychology) student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:psy619@vu.edu.pk">psy619@vu.edu.pk</a></b> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (Accounting & Finance)student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:trn619@vu.edu.pk">mailto:trn619@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (Commerce) student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:trn619@vu.edu.pk">mailto:trn619@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>BS (Public Administration) student Project/Thesis/Internship</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:trn619@vu.edu.pk">mailto:trn619@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" valign="top"><b>Academic Departments</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Computer Science/IT</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Physics</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Mathematics</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Statistics</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Islamic Studies</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Pakistan Studies</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of English</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:academics@vu.edu.pk">academics@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Management Sciences</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk">mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Accounting & Finance</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk">mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Psychology</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk">mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Mass Communication</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk">mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Department of Commerce</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b><br />
</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk">mailto:mfsadiq@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks"><b>Marketing Department</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headStudentLogin" colspan="4" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Student Activities</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Curricular /Co-curricular Activities</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>391</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:moa@vu.edu.pk">mailto:moa@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>VU - Alumni</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>391</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:moa@vu.edu.pk">mailto:moa@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Marketing Department Related Matters/Issues</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>291</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:me@vu.edu.pk">mailto:me@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;" valign="top"><b>Student Competitions </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>291</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:me@vu.edu.pk">mailto:me@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="label" style="width: 339px;"><b>Project Director Marketing </b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;" valign="top"><b>181</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:gmvtv@vu.edu.pk">mailto:gmvtv@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="headQuickLinks" valign="top"><b>Virtual Television</b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" style="width: 198px;"><b>Phone Extensions </b></td><td align="left" class="labelblack" colspan="2"><b>Email</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>Cable operator problems</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>282</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:txivtv@vu.edu.pk">txivtv@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" class="txt" style="width: 339px;"><b>VTV Channels Reception/Transmission problem</b></td><td align="left" class="txtticker" style="width: 197px;"><b>282</b></td><td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><b><a class="emailAddress" href="mailto:txivtv@vu.edu.pk">txivtv@vu.edu.pk</a></b></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
</tbody></table>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-4350260735170992562023-04-18T02:33:00.001+05:002023-04-25T06:10:35.076+05:00Career Path Planning Guide<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Career Path Planning Guide</h1>
<h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Introduction:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Career planning is the process of setting individual goals, developing a plan of action, and taking steps to achieve those goals. It is a continuous process that should be revisited regularly throughout one's career to ensure that their goals and aspirations align with their current skillset and job market trends. In this article, we will provide a detailed guide to career path planning, covering key steps, tips, and strategies for individuals to develop a successful career plan.</p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 1: Self-Assessment:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The first step in career path planning is self-assessment. This involves taking stock of one's skills, interests, values, and personality traits. Individuals should consider their strengths and weaknesses, what motivates them, and what they enjoy doing. This information can be gathered through self-reflection, taking personality tests, and seeking feedback from others. By gaining a better understanding of oneself, individuals can identify potential career paths that align with their personal and professional goals.</p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 2: Explore Career Options:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once individuals have a clear understanding of their skills and interests, the next step is to explore career options. This involves researching different career fields, job roles, and industries to determine what opportunities are available. Individuals should consider factors such as job growth, salary, and job satisfaction when evaluating potential career paths. It is also important to consider how a chosen career path aligns with one's personal values and long-term goals.</p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 3: Set Goals:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">After exploring different career options, individuals should set specific and measurable career goals. This involves setting short-term and long-term goals that align with their desired career path. Short-term goals should focus on immediate career objectives, such as developing new skills or gaining work experience. Long-term goals should focus on broader career aspirations, such as achieving a certain job title or salary level. By setting clear goals, individuals can create a roadmap for their career development.</p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 4: Develop a Plan of Action:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once individuals have identified their career <span></span></p><a name='more'></a>goals, the next step is to develop a plan of action. This involves identifying the steps that need to be taken to achieve their career goals. Individuals should consider factors such as education and training, networking opportunities, and job experience. They should also consider potential barriers to achieving their goals, such as financial constraints or lack of experience in a certain field. By developing a plan of action, individuals can take concrete steps towards achieving their career goals.<p></p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Step 5: Implement the Plan:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The final step in career path planning is to implement the plan of action. This involves taking action to achieve the short-term and long-term goals that were set. This may involve taking courses to develop new skills, networking with industry professionals, or seeking out new job opportunities. It is important to regularly review and adjust the plan of action as needed to ensure that it remains aligned with one's career goals.</p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tips and Strategies for Career Path Planning:</h2><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Take advantage of career resources: There are many resources available to individuals who are interested in career path planning, including career counselors, online resources, and networking events. Individuals should take advantage of these resources to gain insights into potential career paths and to connect with professionals in their desired field.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Build a professional network: Networking is an important part of career path planning. Individuals should focus on building a network of contacts in their desired field by attending networking events, connecting with industry professionals on social media, and seeking out mentorship opportunities.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Continuously develop skills: In today's rapidly changing job market, it is important for individuals to continuously develop new skills to stay competitive. This may involve taking courses, attending conferences, or seeking out new work experiences.</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">Be open to new opportunities: It is important for individuals to be open to new opportunities that may arise throughout their career. This may involve taking on new job roles, switching industries</p></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em;">or pursuing further education. Being flexible and adaptable can help individuals to navigate changes in the job market and to achieve their career goals Seek feedback: It is important for individuals to seek feedback from others throughout their career path planning process. This may involve asking for feedback from coworkers or seeking mentorship from industry professionals. Feedback can help individuals to identify areas for improvement and to make more informed decisions about their career path.</p><h2 style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px;">Conclusion:</h2><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px;">Career path planning is a critical process for individuals who want to achieve their personal and professional goals. By taking the time to assess their skills and interests, explore career options, set goals, develop a plan of action, and implement that plan, individuals can create a roadmap for their career development. Tips and strategies such as networking, skill development, and seeking feedback can help individuals to navigate changes in the job market and to achieve their long-term career aspirations. Career path planning is a continuous process that should be revisited regularly to ensure that one's career goals remain aligned with their personal and professional aspirations.</p></li></ol></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-38038401619634359442023-04-18T02:26:00.000+05:002023-04-18T02:26:54.903+05:00Save Data on Mirror Never Corrupt <h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Save Data on Mirror Never Corrupt </span></h1><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />In today's digital age, data has become an integral part of our lives. From personal photos to business documents, data storage, and protection have become a top priority for individuals and organizations alike. However, with the increasing amount of data being generated every day, the risk of data corruption and loss has also risen. This is where the concept of "Mirror Never Corrupt" comes into play. In this article, we'll dive into what it means, how it works, and why it's important for data storage and protection.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>What is "Mirror Never Corrupt"?</b></span></h2><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />Mirror Never Corrupt (MNC) is a data storage method that ensures the integrity and availability of data by creating a mirrored copy of the original data. In simple terms, MNC involves creating an exact replica of the original data and storing it on a separate device or storage medium. This ensures that even if the original data gets corrupted or lost, the mirrored copy is still available and can be used to restore the data.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>How does MNC work?</b></span></h2><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />MNC works by using a process called mirroring. Mirroring involves creating an exact copy of the original data and storing it on a separate device or storage medium. This separate device can be a hard drive, a tape drive, or any other storage medium that is compatible with the original data. The mirrored copy is kept in sync with the original data by constantly updating it whenever changes are made to the original data. This ensures that the mirrored copy is always an exact replica of the original data.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Why is MNC important for data storage and protection?</b></span></h2><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />MNC is important for data storage and protection for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures the integrity of the data by providing a backup copy that can be used to restore the original data in case of corruption or loss. Secondly, it provides an additional layer of protection against data loss by creating a redundant copy of the data. This means that even if one copy of the data gets lost or corrupted, the other copy is still available for use. Finally, MNC provides peace of mind to individuals and organizations by ensuring that their data is always available and protected.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Implementing MNC in your data storage strategy</b></span></h2><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />Implementing MNC in your data storage strategy is a simple process. It involves creating a mirrored copy of your data and storing it on a separate device or storage medium. The mirrored copy should be kept in sync with the original data by constantly updating it whenever changes are made to the original data. This can be done manually or through the use of software that automates the process.</span>
<div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-81627225149302753702023-04-18T02:18:00.000+05:002023-04-18T02:18:50.866+05:00Cs301 MIDTERM EXAMINATION 2011 (MAY)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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of t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">2. Ex<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">p</span>la<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">w</span>o
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>ases in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>wh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">pp</span>ly<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">d</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">b</span>le <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>An
Avl t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">re</span>e</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Ans<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">er</span>: <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">P</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>229)</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">ometi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s a sin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>le
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>otat<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">i</span>on is not suf<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ici<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>nt <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>o
b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>lan<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>n unb<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>la<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ce</span>d
tr<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">The<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>two <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ca</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">w</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">1. </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>rtion into <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>ht
s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">u</span>btr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ft
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>d
of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>X node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> (</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">R</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span>)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">2.
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>rtion into <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>t sub<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of
the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>ri<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">g</span>ht<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>d
of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>X node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span>R)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">3. How<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">p</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">er</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>lev<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">er</span>sal on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span>a t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ee</span>? Ans<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">er</span>:-<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">F</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">de</span>tail
a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">d</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">P</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">g</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">1</span>61 )</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">W</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> ca</span>n print a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b</span>ina<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>lev<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>lev<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>l
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">n</span>g<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>sive <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">o</span>r
non<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>sive
m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>thod.<br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 4pt 0.0001pt 5.4pt;"><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">The<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>idea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>lev<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">o</span>rd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>tr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>rs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>s
to vis<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">o</span>ot, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>n vis<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>t
all nodes <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">"</span>1 lev<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>l a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>"
(<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>pth
2) <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">f</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">o</span>m <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> r</span>oot (l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ft
to ri<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">t</span>), th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">o</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">"</span>2 le<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ls a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>"<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">
</span>(d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">t</span>h 3) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>rom the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>oot, e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">F</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">x</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>mp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>tr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ee</span>, the<span style="letter-spacing: 0.35pt;">
</span>go<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>s to vis<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s in <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>owing<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 2.15pt 0.0001pt 5.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">A l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>v<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r
t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ra</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>rs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>quir<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s us<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>ng
a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ra</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>n
a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">u</span>rsive<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>hm, w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">h</span>ich
imp<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>icit<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>u<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s
a st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ac</span>k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>. A qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>is a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">F</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">F</span>O stru<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">re</span>,
whi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>h <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">c</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>n make<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>lev<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>r
t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">ra</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>rs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>sie<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">4. How<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">d</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">n</span>g
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-86517228234906088592023-04-18T02:02:00.003+05:002023-05-09T00:45:09.303+05:00IT430 old past paper<h1 style="text-align: left;">IT430 MIDTERM SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS </h1> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> What tag is used for displaying a border between the frames? <br /> - BORDER or FRAMEBORDER – Set this attribute to 0 for not displaying a border between the frames <br /> Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 ) <br /> Suppose, there is an applet at "http://www.vu.edu.pk/demo.class". Write the code to include this applet in your web page. <br /> <br /> <br /> <HTML> <BODY> <br /> <APPLET CODE= "http://www.vu.edu.pk/demo.class". width=100 <br /> height=200>DEMO</APPLET> <br /> </BODY> </HTML> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 ) <br /> Identify the object, property and method in the following: Math.sin(45) <br /> Math.PI <br /> <br /> <br /> document.write("Math.sin(45) :"+Math.sin(45)+"<P>"); <br /> document.write("Math.PI :" +Math.PI +"<P>"); <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 21 ( Marks: 5 ) <br /> What is a web form? What is its usage in reference to client-server communication? 2+3 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A webform on a web page allows a user to enter data that is sent to a server for processing. Webforms resemble paper forms because internet users fill out the forms using checkboxes, radio buttons, or text fields. <br /> <br /> <br /> You are now familiar with the fact that internet presents a two-way communication model, also called theClient-Server Model. In the client server model some data is processed on the client side and certain data is processed by the server on the server side. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 22 ( Marks: 10 ) <br /> Explain the following frame tags? Discuss the usage of these <br /> <br /> <br /> a) <frameset> <br /> b) <frame> <br /> c) <Noframes> <br /> d) <Iframe> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> What are the two types of twisted pair cables for networking ? <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) What it stands for IIS? <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 ) <br /> When does we use the parseFloat() function? <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 ) <br /> Name the JavaScript function that convert strings to float numbers. How do you give the function a string value to convert to a number? <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 21 ( Marks: 5 ) <br /> Write your personal profile in a file saving it with the extension of e.g. “abc.js”and then call it in a JavaScript code. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 22 ( Marks: 10 ) <br /> Explain any three of the outside attacks briefly. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#1 multiple choices 18 all from past papers <br /> 2 short question 2 marks <br /> 2 short question 3 marks <br /> 2 questions 5 marks <br /> <br /> <br /> total marks 38 <br /> Q: <br /> 1. difference between sniffing and IP adress spoofing? <br /> 2. tools to develop web server.? <br /> 3. write XML code of " welcome to virtual university" "of pakistan" to " IT430 students" <br /> 4. write java script code or variables and also show in alert box var 13.6 <br /> var 20.5 <br /> 5. why used list in HTML? <br /> 6. briefly explain different terms virus <br /> worms back door Trojan horses <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#2 <br /> Total question 23 <br /> <br /> <br /> 16 question of 01 number (objective) <br /> <br /> <br /> 03 question of 02 numbers (subjective) <br /> <br /> <br /> 02 question of 03 numbers <br /> <br /> <br /> 02 question of 05 numbers <br /> <br /> <br /> 70% quiz from old papers <br /> <br /> <br /> Objective <br /> <br /> <br /> 1-advantage of virtual private network (2) <br /> <br /> <br /> 2-how can we prevent our computer from virus attack (5) (virus protection page no 94) <br /> <br /> <br /> 3-what SQL stand for and its usage (2) <br /> <br /> <br /> 4(write html code for making borders which align left border color green.(5) <br /> <br /> <br /> 5-what is the function of reset button and submit button. <br /> <br /> <br /> 6-one more question about html about the functions of the tags (5) <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#3 <br /> <br /> <br /> Total questions (23) MCQS (16) Marks 1 <br /> Short Questions (3) Marks 2 <br /> Short Questions (2) Marks 3 <br /> SubJ Questions (2 Marks 5 <br /> <br /> <br /> Total Marks = 38 <br /> Long questions <br /> <br /> <br /> Question 1 <br /> <br /> <br /> Why * is used in SQL Question 2 <br /> Explain what will be displayed after this program is run and briefly explain what is the purpose of <br /> HIDDEN <br /> <br /> <br /> <FORM NAME="Form1"> <INPUT TYPE= "HIDDEN" NAME= "Shirt1" <br /> VALUE="25"> <INPUT <br /> <br /> <br /> TYPE= "CHECKBOX" NAME= "Check1">Blue Cotton Shirt <br> <br /> <INPUT <br /> TYPE= "HIDDEN" <br /> <br /> <br /> NAME= "Shirt2" VALUE="26"> <INPUT TYPE= "CHECKBOX" NAME= "Check2" <br /> >Green Cotton <br /> <br /> <br /> Shirt <br> <br /> <br /> <br /> <INPUT TYPE= "HIDDEN" NAME= "Shirt3" VALUE="27"> <INPUT TYPE= "CHECKBOX" <br /> <br /> <br /> NAME= "Check3">White Silk Shirt …. <br /> <br /> <br /> <P> <br /> <br /> <br /> <INPUT TYPE="submit" NAME="Go" VALUE="Register!"> <INPUT TYPE="RESET" <br /> <br /> <br /> VALUE="Reset!"></FORM> Question 3 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> How to evaluate the performance of web server <br /> <br /> <br /> 60% mcqs were from the past papers <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#4 <br /> differ virus and worms 5marks <br /> coding of mydate after seven days change 5 marks relational simply or flat and provide two file. 3 marks coding of alert massage 3marks <br /> arry is a varible are not discuss 2marks one of two name of network <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#5 <br /> 1- web server 2 <br /> 2- "target" attribute not used in frames. justify 2 <br /> 3- xml coding karni thi question yad nai 5 <br /> 4- "form" tag ki coding ki translation karni thi 5 <br /> 5- position properties in style sheet 3 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#6 <br /> Question No.17: What will be the final value of variable ‘a’ at the end: <br /> (Marks: 2) <br /> Var a = 4; Var b = 5; Var c =10; a = a+c=6; <br /> Question No.18: What is meant by “Catalog Display” and why it Use? (Marks: 2) <br /> Question No.19: Create text bob in HTML, having length “15”, containing text “IT430”? (Marks: 2) <br /> Question No.20: Write XML code to print greeting “Welcome to <br /> XML!” from “Virtual University of Pakistan” to “IT430 Students”? (Marks: 3) <br /> Question No.21: How can you minimize the risk of outside attacks on <br /> Network? (Marks: 3) <br /> Question No.22: How can we differentiate between Server Side <br /> Processing & Client Side Processing? Give at least one example? (Marks: 5) <br /> Question No.23: Given the following JavaScript Codes :- (Marks: 5) Str = new String (“Welcome to Virtual University of Pakistan”); StrArray = New Array (10); <br /> StrArray = str.split (‘ ’); <br /> a) What will be the output of the following function? <br /> i) str.charAt (5) <br /> ii) str.Substring (8, 13) <br /> b) What will be the value of strArray [1] ? <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PAPER#7 <br /> Today is my IT430 paper quite tough laga muja <br /> <br /> <br /> Check it <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. At the end of all process what will be variable t contain <br /> <br /> <br /> Var S1=”made” Var S2=”U” <br /> Var S3=”and me” <br /> <br /> <br /> t =Si+”4”+S2+S3 2marks <br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Suppose there is applet at “http//www.vu.edu.pk/demo.class” <br /> write code to include this applet in your browser page 2marks <br /> <br /> <br /> 3. How would you change a date “MyDate” to one week later? <br /> 3marks <br /> <br /> <br /> 4. Note on Application Gate way firewalls. 3marks <br /> <br /> <br /> 5. Essential feature of E-commerce software 5marks <br /> <br /> <br /> 6. Write HTML for Input field, reset button and submit button <br /> 5marks <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. What is usage of <title> tag in a web page? Marks 2 <br /> 2. How are public and private keys used in public by cryptography? Marks 2 <br /> 3. We want to create left margin of 10 pixels and right margin of 15 pixels. Write <br /> CSS code to apply both properties. Marks 3 <br /> 4. Write a JavaScript code to change a date”my date” to one week later? Marks 3 <br /> 5. How can you differentiate among different malicious program, like backdoors and <br /> Trojan Horses viruses and worms? Marks5 <br /> 6. Identify the following variables as valid or invalid. Also give reasons. Marks 5 <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) What it stands for (W3C)? Answer <br /> World Wide Web Consortium <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> Do you agree or not that using Cascading Style Sheets one can apply an image to sections of one’s page or even to individual words. <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 ) <br /> Which attribute is used to describe , how many times you want the sound to repeat. Discuss briefly. <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 ) <br /> What are cookies? Why these are used in web development? <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 21 ( Marks: 5 ) <br /> What is the difference between physical address and logical address? Support your answer with <br /> at least two examples. <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 22 ( Marks: 10 ) <br /> How can we change a Font style of a text? Write complete tag by using an example by yourself. <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> What does this mean? <br /> padding-right <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> Do you agree or not that using Cascading Style Sheets one can apply an image to sections of one’s page or even to individual words. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 19 ( Marks: 2 ) <br /> Suppose, there is an applet at "http://www.vu.edu.pk/demo.class". Write the code to include this applet in your web page. <br /> <APPLET CODE= “http://www.vu.edu.pk/demo.class” width=100 height=200> DEMO <br /> </APPLET> <br />Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 ) <br /> What do you think, is there any difference between Static and Dynamic IP Address assignment? Discuss. <br /> <br /> <br />Question No: 21 ( Marks: 5 ) <br /> What is cryptography? What techniques are used for cryptography? <br /> <br /> <br />Question No: 22 ( Marks: 10 ) <br /> Analyze the following given code showing some Cascading Style Sheets tags and explain its lines one by one. <br /> <br /> <br /> <html> <br /> <br /> <br /> <head> <br /> <br /> <br /> <style type="text/css"> <br /> <br /> <br /> h1 {text-decoration: overline} <br /> <br /> <br /> h2 {text-decoration: line-through} <br /> <br /> <br /> h3 {text-decoration: underline} <br /> <br /> <br /> a {text-decoration: none} <br /> <br /> <br /> </style> <br /> <br /> <br /> </head> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <body> <br /> <br /> <br /> <h1>This is header 1</h1> <br /> <br /> <br /> <h2>This is header 2</h2> <br /> <br /> <br /> <h3>This is header 3</h3> <br /> <br /> <br /> <p><a href="http://www.vumba2009.blogspot.com/default.asp">This is a link</a></p> <br /> <br /> <br /> </body> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </html> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 21 ( Marks: 2 ) <br /> How <br /> Certification Authority (CA) issues the certificates? Describe briefly <br /> Question No: 22 ( Marks: 2 ) <br /> Discuss the role of child element tags while in writing XML code. Question No: 23 ( Marks: 3 ) <br /> Performance of web servers can be evaluated mainly on the basis of two factors. What are they? <br /> Question No: 24 ( Marks: 3 ) <br /> Write a function for the addition of two numbers? Question No: 25 ( Marks: 5 ) <br /> Write the JavaScript code which will display the following in a web page <br /> using a FOR loop: <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The number is 0 <br /> The number is 1 <br /> The number is 2 <br /> The number is 3 <br /> The number is 4 <br /> The number is 5 <br /> Question No: 26 ( Marks: 5 ) <br /> What is the difference between an interpreted and a compiled language? Give one example of <br /> each. <br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-17056764559016269772023-04-18T01:49:00.001+05:002023-04-18T03:57:57.601+05:00MGT201 Mix Quiz 2011<br />MGT201 Mix Quiz 2011<br /><br /><br /> What should be used to calculate the proportional amount of equity financing employed by a firm? Select correct option: <br /><br />The common stock equity account on the firm's balance sheet <br /><br />The sum of common stock and preferred stock on the balance sheet <br /><br />The book value of the firm <br /><br />The current market price per share of common stock times the number of Shares Outstanding <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />What is the long-run objective of financial management? Select correct option: <br /><br />Maximize earnings per share <br /><br />Maximize the value of the firm's common stock <br /><br />Maximize return on investment <br /><br />Maximize market share <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> are analysts who use information concerning the current and prospective profitability of firms to assess the firm's fair market value. <br /><br />Select correct option: Credit analysts Fundamental analysts Systems analysts Technical analysts <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Total Marks: 1 <br /><br />Which of the followings expressed the proposition that the value of the firm is independent of its capital structure? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />The Capital Asset Pricing Model <br /><br />M&M Proposition I M&M Proposition II The Law of One Price <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />The statement of cash flows reports a firm's cash flows segregated into which of the following categorical order? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Operating, investing, and financing Investing, operating, and financing Financing, operating and investing Financing, investing, and operating <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />A project that tells us the number of years required to recover our initial cash investment based on the project’s expected cash flows is: <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Pay back period <br /><br />Internal rate of return <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Net present value <br /><br />Profitability index <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following would generally have unlimited liability? Select correct option: <br /><br />A limited partner in a partnership <br /><br /> <br /><br />A shareholder in a corporation <br /><br /> <br /><br />The owner of a sole proprietorship <br /><br /> <br /><br />A member in a limited liability company (LLC) <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />If 2 stocks move in the same direction together then what will be the correlation coefficient? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br /> <br /><br />0 <br /><br /> <br /><br />1.0 <br /><br /> <br /><br />-1.0 <br /><br /> <br /><br />1.5 <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />which of the following needs to be excluded while we calculate the incremental cash flows? Select correct option: <br /><br />Depreciation Sunk cost Opportunity cost Non-cash item <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />If risk and return combination of any stock is above the SML, what does it mean? Select correct option: <br /><br />It is offering lower rate of return as compared to the efficient stock <br /><br />It is offering higher rate of return as compared to the efficient stock <br /><br />Its rate of return is zero as compared to the efficient stock <br /><br />It is offering rate of return equal to the efficient stock <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following techniques would be used for a project that has non–normal cash flows? Select correct option: <br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Internal rate of return <br /><br />Multiple internal rate of return Modified internal rate of return Net present value <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following is NOT a cash outflow for the firm? Select correct option: <br /><br />Depreciation Dividends Interest <br /><br />Taxes <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following statements is correct for a firm that currently has total costs of carrying and ordering inventory that is 50% higher than total carrying costs? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Current order size is greater than optimal <br /><br />Current order size is less than optimal <br /><br />Per unit carrying costs are too high <br /><br /> The optimal order size is currently being used <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />When a firm needs guaranteed, short-term funds available for a variety purposes, the bank loan will likely be a . <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Compensating balance arrangement <br /><br />Revolving credit agreement <br /><br />Transaction loan <br /><br />Line of credit <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which if the following is (are) true? I. The dividend growth model holds if, at some point in time, the dividend growth rate exceeds the stock’s required return. II. A decrease in the dividend growth rate will increase a stock’s market value, all else the same. III. An increase in the required return on a stock will decrease its market value, all else the same <br /><br /> <br /><br />I, II, and III not sure <br /><br />I only <br /><br />III only <br /><br />II and III only <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />An implicit cost of adding debt to the capital structure is that it: Select correct option: <br /><br />Adds interest expense to the operating statement <br /><br />Increases the required return on equity Reduces the expected return on assets Decreases the firm's beta <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />hich of the following statements regarding covariance is correct? Select correct option: <br /><br />Covariance always lies in the range -1 to +1 <br /><br />Covariance, because it involves a squared value, must always be a positive number (or zero) Low covariances among returns for different securities leads to high portfolio risk Covariances can take on positive, negative, or zero values <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following is not a form of short-term, spontaneous credit? Select correct option: <br /><br />Accrued wages Trade credit Commercial paper Accrued taxes <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following has the same meaning as the working capital to financial analyst? Select correct option: <br /><br />Total assets <br /><br />Fixed assets <br /><br />Current assets <br /><br />Current assets minus current liabilities <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />Above the breakeven EBIT, increased financial leverage will <br /><br />Assume there are no taxes <br /><br />Select correct option: Increase Decrease <br /><br />Either increase or decrease <br /><br />None of the given options <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />EPS, all else the same. <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following is NOT an example of hybrid equity <br /><br />Select correct option: Convertible Bonds Convertible Debenture Common shares Preferred shares <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />If we invest in many securities which are overall risk for your investment. <br /><br />Select correct option: Comparable Correlated <br /><br />Highly correlated <br /><br />Negatively correlated <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />to each other then it is possible to reduce <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />The objective of financial management is to maximize <br /><br />Select correct option: Stakeholders Shareholders Bondholders Directors <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />wealth. <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />A company whose stock is selling at a P/E ratio greater than the P/E ratio of a market index most <br /><br />likely has. <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />An anticipated earnings growth rate which is less than that of the average firm <br /><br />A dividend yield which is less than that of the average firm Less predictable earnings growth than that of the average firm Greater cyclicality of earnings growth than that of the average firm <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />The stock in your portfolio was selling for Rs.40 per share yesterday, but has today declared a three for two split. Which of the following statements seems to be true? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />There will be two-thirds as many shares outstanding, and they will sell for Rs.60.00 each There will be four times as many shares outstanding, and they will sell for Rs.160.00 each There will be 50 percent more shares outstanding and they will sell for Rs.26.67 each <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />There will be one-and-one-half times as many shares outstanding, and they will sell for <br /><br />Rs.60.00 each <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Under the idealized conditions of MM, which statement is correct when a firm issues new stock in order to pay a cash dividend on existing shares? <br /><br /> <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />The new shares are worth less than the old shares <br /><br />The old shares drop in value to equal the new price <br /><br />The value of the firm is reduced by the amount of the dividend <br /><br />The value of the firm is unaffected <br /><br /> <br /><br />is the variability of return on stocks or portfolios not explained by general market movements. It is avoidable through diversification. <br /><br />Select correct option: Systematic risk Standard deviation Unsystematic risk Coefficient of variation <br /><br /> <br /><br />When taxes are considered, the value of a levered firm equals the value of the_ . Select correct option: <br /><br />Unlevered firm <br /><br />Unlevered firm plus the value of the debt <br /><br />Unlevered firm plus the present value of the tax shield <br /><br />Unlevered firm plus the value of the debt plus the value of the tax shield <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following would be consistent with an aggressive approach to financing working capital? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Financing short-term needs with short-term funds <br /><br />Financing permanent inventory buildup with long-term debt <br /><br />Financing seasonal needs with short-term funds <br /><br />Financing some long-term needs with short-term funds <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following is the maximum amount of debt (and other fixed-charge financing) that a firm can adequately service? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Debt capacity <br /><br />Debt-service burden <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Adequacy capacity <br /><br />Fixed-charge burden <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following terms best applies to the short-term interest rate charged by banks to large, creditworthy customers? <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br />Discount basis interest rate <br /><br />Long-term bond rate <br /><br />Prime rate <br /><br />Fed funds rate <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />According to <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />, the firm's cost of equity increases with greater debt financing, but the <br /><br /><br /> <br /><br />WACC remains unchanged. Select correct option: <br /><br />M&M Proposition I with taxes M&M Proposition I without taxes M&M Proposition II without taxes M&M Proposition II with taxes <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Which of the following is the cash required during a specific period to meet interest expenses and principal payments? <br /><br />Select correct option: Debt capacity <br /><br />Debt-service burden Adequacy capacity Fixed-charge burden <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />What are two major areas of capital budgeting? Select correct option: <br /><br />Net present value, profitability index <br /><br />Net present value; internal rate of return <br /><br />Net present value; payback period <br /><br />Pay back period; profitability index <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />A statistical measure of the variability of a distribution around its mean is referred to as <br /><br /> . <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Select correct option: <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Probability distribution Expected return Standard deviation Coefficient of variation <br /><br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-55373800207641325782023-04-18T01:43:00.001+05:002023-05-07T04:45:41.442+05:00CS301- Data Structures SOLVED MIDTERM PAPERS <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Now a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>nd b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>are <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>gers<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>id <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o
the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>abo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; position: relative; top: 0.5pt;">X.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>X (b) ;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>= X<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">&</span>b)
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>=<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>X (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">*</span>b) ;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">No<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">n</span>e of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">i</span>ons<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 114%;">Here fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>rgu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>pas<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>ing by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span>thod
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s us<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d, so <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>hen <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">i</span>on
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ab<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e as pa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 114%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>4
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">n
the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ue<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>hodolog<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">y</span>,
a co<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">p</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he ob<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">j</span>ect<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>pas<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ed
to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>se<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>True<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">g</span>e 202)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Quest<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>No: 5 (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>Ma<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ks:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>e ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ose
one<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">The t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ee da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s
a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a
s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>No<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>near d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ge
1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">1</span>2)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Graphic<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">d</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Data s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ike<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>ue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>6 ( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>-
Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">When s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>ould <span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">y</span>ou use a con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e
par<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">W</span>hene<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
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s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ze.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 114%;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">W</span>hene<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>er
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he par<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er has<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>hu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ze, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>n i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>s
bod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>, and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>ou do <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">NO</span>T want<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se
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s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ze, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>hanges
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">th</span>e par<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>n
i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>s bod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>, and<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>ou DO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">ant<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se
chan<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">g</span>es <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
ac<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ual<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>argu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 114%;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">W</span>hene<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
par<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er has<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>hu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>e
s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ze, and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
do<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">n</span>ot <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">c</span>hange<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>pa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>s bo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">d</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>. <span style="color: #0060a8;">Decla<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ing a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>para<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er as<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>a const<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>eans
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>an’t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>nge
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">l</span>ue of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>para<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>7
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Here is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>art<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>of a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>C++
cl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">a</span>ss d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ara<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ass<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>foo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.9pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 13.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">publ<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>c:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">oid
x<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>foo <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>);<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">oid<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>(con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>oo
f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">oid
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">z</span>(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>oo
f)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>cons<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.2pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 19.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 114%;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch
of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>hree<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber
funct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ons can a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>PR<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">I</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">V</span>ATE <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>foo ob<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">j</span>ect<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>es
the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">n</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Only<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>x can a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>es
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.85pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 21.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Only<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>can
a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he pr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>es
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Only<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>z can a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
pr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>bl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>es
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Two of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">f</span>unc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ions<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>can a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
pr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ab<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>es
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>es
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Only<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>x and y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">
</span>can a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">h</span>e pr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ab<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e
of<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>foo c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ass<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>obj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>ast<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>O<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">p</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ore</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; margin: 1.7pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Correct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>but
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">n</span>ot <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>xac<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n
the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>opt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>na<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e are<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>not
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Quest<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>No: 8 (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>Ma<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ks:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>e ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ose
one<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">What<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ax<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>dep<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>h
of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ecur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>e ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ls<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a
func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ak<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► n (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>here n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>argu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► There<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>no f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>xed
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ax<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>um</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>9
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">Suppose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>n is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>odes <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n a co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Bina<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>Tree
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hen <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ax<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>eps
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>equ<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>red <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>or a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ear<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>h
opera<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>re,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>og2
(n+1) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">(</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span>age<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">3</span>9)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>og2 (n+1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>og2 (n)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>– 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 16.55pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 16.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>og2 (n)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>10
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;">n the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nked <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ple<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on
of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ack c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>here<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>does <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span>ush <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>unction pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ces <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he new<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ry
on the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nked <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► At t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>e
h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>ad(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">P</span>age <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">5</span>3)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.45pt; margin: 1.45pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► At the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>il<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► After<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>her
en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>es
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>are g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>han
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>new<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">y</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► After<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>her
en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>es
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>are <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>han
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he new<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>11
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">Suppose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e
a c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>rcu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ar <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ple<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>queue c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>n
i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>queue s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>d
at da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a[2]<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ough <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a[11<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">]</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>T<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>C<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">IT</span>Y is 42, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>.e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">.</span>, the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>has
been dec<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>d to be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">z</span>e
42.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Where<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">d</span>oes the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>push <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>unc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ace
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he new<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>ntry<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a[1]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a[2]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a[11]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► data<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">[</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span>2]</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>12
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">The e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">x</span>pre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>AB<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>C*<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>c<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>ix
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>xpre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">io</span>n<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► Pos<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>ix <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">x</span>pres<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">(</span>Page<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>70)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>nf<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>x expre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>13
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 114%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span></span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; line-height: 114%;"> is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>bin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ry<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee
where e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>node has a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ue,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>nod<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">'</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">f</span>t
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>ubt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee
con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ns on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ues
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ess th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>n or eq<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">'</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>, and e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>ery<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>nod<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">'</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">u</span>bt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ns on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>lu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>are g<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hen
or equa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">l</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► St<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>tly<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>Binary<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Tree<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► Bin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ry
S<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>arch t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>ee (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>re)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span>VL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► All of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>14
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Consider<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">in</span>ary<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>sea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ch
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tr</span>ee (BST):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">f
node A in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>B<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">S</span>T is d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>h t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o
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t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ke <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ts<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► J and I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► H<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► D<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>M</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>15
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">’</span>s
ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he node as <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>qui<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>es <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>ba<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>anc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ng. Consid<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tw</span>o cases<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">1) An<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nto <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>eft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>sub <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ree of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ld
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">2) An<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nto <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>sub <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ree of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ght
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>d
of a.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">em</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>cor<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ect<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>o
case<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 114%;">1) The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>nse<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ccurs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">i</span>de (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>.e.,
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ef<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>t or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>gh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>gh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
cases<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>d 2 s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ngle<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ro<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>an
f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>x the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ance in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>o
case<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">2) The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>nse<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ccurs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">d</span>e (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>i.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>., l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>or
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>igh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
cases<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>d 2. s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ngle<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ro<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on
cannot<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>x the ba<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ance <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>o
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>ases<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>16
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s: 1 )<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>-<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">We acce<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">V</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>Tree <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Linear<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>w<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>y only</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Both <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>and
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>on l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>near<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>17</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">VL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Tree <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Linear<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>data s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>ct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>re</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a
s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► H<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">y</span>br<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>d da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a
s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>M<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>xtu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>e
of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar and Non<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span>ear)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>1(
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 )<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>-
Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>e of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>s NOT cor<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ect<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► In <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">k</span>ed l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ents<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>are nece<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ly
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o be <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>iguous</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d
l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e
at<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>far<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>pos<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ons <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nked <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ach
e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">n</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>o has <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
next<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>t<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n an ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ay<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>re con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>iguous<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>2
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Each <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>pera<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>or <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span>os<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>x e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">x</span>pre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>ers<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
pre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>ious <u> </u> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>perand<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">O</span>ne<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">T</span>wo
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>Page<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>67)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Three<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>our<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>3
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>e of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>hods
does<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>not <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>nge <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>gin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ue of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>argu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng
func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>io<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">n</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one
of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">C</span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>by pass<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">in</span>g
the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>e of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>gu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ent</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Call<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>pas<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ing
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>efe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ence<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
argu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>ent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Call<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>pas<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ing
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he addr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>ss of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>argu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>4
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">A tree <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s an<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span>VL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>f<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span>ny<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>one node fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">V</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>cond<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► At l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ast<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>f
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>nodes<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ll<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">V</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>cond<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► All <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>nodes<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>fu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>AVL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>condi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">(</span>Page<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>213)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>5
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">Suppose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>cur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>Node
refe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>o a no<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>(u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>g the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
N</span>ode c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ass<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">b</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ab<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>es
ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d
da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a and nex<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>No<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d</span>e). Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>changes<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>cur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>Node <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>o
th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>efe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o
the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>next<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► cur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>Node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>+;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; margin: 1.7pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► cur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>Node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>=
n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>xtN<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>de;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► cur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>Node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>= nex<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>No<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">d</span>e;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 2.05pt; margin: 2.05pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► curr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span>ode =<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>cur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>>nex<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>N<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">o</span>de;</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""calibri" , "sans-serif"" style="line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 3.9pt; margin: 3.9pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span>o:
6 (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>)
- Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; margin: 1.6pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">A q<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">u</span>eue <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>here <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">th</span>e
de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>queue<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>opera<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>nds
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>ot on <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">F</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>O, is ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d
a pr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>queue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; margin: 1.7pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>se<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 2.05pt; margin: 2.05pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► T<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ue
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">P</span>age <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">1</span>01)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0in 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>7
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; margin: 1.6pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>s
a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">lf</span>-<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">i</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">y</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Sta<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>k<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Q</span>ueue<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>ink <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ist<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► All <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>e</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0in 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>8
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Each <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ode <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>doubly<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nk
l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>has,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► 1 poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► 2 poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>ers<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>(P<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ge
39)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; margin: 1.6pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► 3 poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; margin: 1.7pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► 4 poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; margin: 0.4pt 0in 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>9
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">M</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>) - Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">I<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">p</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ed
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he queue <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d
l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>,
keep<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ng <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>rack of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>a f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ont <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">p</span>oin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er and a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>rear<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er. Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>of th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se
po<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>rs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>hange
d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng
an <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>nse<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o an<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>E<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">M</span>P<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">T</span>Y
qu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Nei<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>her <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>hanges<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; margin: 1.7pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">O</span>nly<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ont
po<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r chang<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 2.05pt; margin: 2.05pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► On<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>y
re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>r poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">g</span>es.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; margin: 1.6pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Both<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>cha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>ge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .4pt; margin: 0.4pt 0in 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>10
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Consider<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ree.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">How <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>any<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.75pt; margin-right: 432.95pt; margin-top: 1.7pt; margin: 1.7pt 432.95pt 0in 14.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.75pt; margin-right: 432.95pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt 432.95pt 0in 14.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">►5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.75pt; margin-right: 432.95pt; margin-top: 2.05pt; margin: 2.05pt 432.95pt 0in 14.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">►6</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">A sib<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ing
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>11
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>odes <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► R<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ot <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span>odes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>af
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span>odes</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; margin: 1.6pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Both<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>hese<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; margin: 0.3pt 0in 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>12
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">VL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Tree <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a
s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► H<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">y</span>br<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>d da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a
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of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar and Non<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span>ear)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>13
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">We acce<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">V</span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>Tree <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>Linear<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>w<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>y only</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.6pt; margin: 1.6pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Both <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>and
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>on l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>near<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 6.0pt; margin-right: -1.0pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt -1pt 0in 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en op<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 9.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .3pt; margin: 0.3pt 0in 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>14
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">A bi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ary<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>sea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ch <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ree
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>hould h<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ini<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">u</span>m<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>of
one <u> </u> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ode<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">/</span>s at<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">O</span>ne<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">T</span>wo</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Three<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>our<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Que<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on No:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>15
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>Mar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>s:<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 ) -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Plea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e
c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>oose <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ne</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Consider<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">em</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>) A bina<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee can con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n at<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ast<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>2L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>Nodes
at <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>el<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 115%;">(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>A co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>bin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">o</span>f dep<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>h d is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>nary<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>hat
conta<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ns 2 L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>Nodes at e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">a</span>ch <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>el<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>L<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tw</span>een 0 and d, both <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>us<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>e.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>) The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ot<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>ber
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nodes <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>Tn ) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">et</span>e b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>na<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee of d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>pth
d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s 2<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">+</span>1 -<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>1 .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">iv</span>) The he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ght of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>te<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>bin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ry<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee can be <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>en as h = l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">o</span>g 2 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">(</span>Tn+1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">)</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>1
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>here Tn <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">T</span>ot<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>l nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>ber
of<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Nodes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>e of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>egard<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">B</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ry<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ees?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>) and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>), <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>)
and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>and (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>) only<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">)</span>, (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>) and (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>v)
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">Quest<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>No: <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span>6
( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">M</span>ark<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>: 1 )<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>-<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">P</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ase ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>ose
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">“+” is a <u> </u>opera<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>or.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">U</span>nary<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: #0060a8; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">► Bin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ry(P<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ge 64)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► Terna<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: medium;">► <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>one of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>abo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-28334175038921910292023-04-18T01:41:00.001+05:002023-04-18T03:59:00.887+05:00CS301 Data Structures MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010<br />MIDTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010 <br /> 1. Addition of new items in stack make the pointer ------------ by 2 <br /> a. Increment, bits <br /> b. Increment, bytes c. Decrement, bits <br /> d. Decrement, bytes Click here for detail <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Next item in a linked list is known as a. Index <br /> b. Item <br /> c. Node Click here for detail <br /> d. Child <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 3. What will be the postfix notation of 5+6/2. a. 56+/2 <br /> b. 562+/ <br /> c. 562/+(Page 66) <br /> d. 5+62/ <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4. In an AVL tree to delete a parent with two childs in a straight line following rotations will be required:- a. Single <br /> b. Double <br /> c. Triple d. None. <br /> <br /> <br /> 5. To check the depth of an AVL tree following time will be taken:- a. 1.66 Log2n <br /> b. 1.44 Log2n (Page 227) <br /> c. Log2 (n+1)-1 <br /> d. 1.66 Log2n (n+1) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 6. BST is a Structure:- a. Linear <br /> b. Non Linear Click here for detail <br /> c. Circular <br /> d. None of Above <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 7. After creation of an array:- <br /> a. Size can be increase but can not be decreased. b. Size can be decreased but can not be increased. <br /> c. Size can neither be increased nor be decreased. Click here for detail <br /> d. Size can be increased and can also be decreased. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 8. Each node in a BST has Pointers:- a. 1 <br /> b. 2 Click here for detail <br /> c. 3 d. 4 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 9. Highest Operators Precedence is of the following operator:- a. Plus <br /> b. Minus <br /> c. MultiplyClick here for detail <br /> d. Exponentiation <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 10. Following are the linear data structures:- a. Stacks <br /> b. Queues <br /> c. Both a & b (Page 52, 87) <br /> d. None of the above <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 11. Each entry which points to a null value in a Singly Linked List is known as:- a. Node <br /> b. First Node c. Last Node d. Head Node <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 12. Non recursive calls are faster than the Recursive calls. <br /> a. True (Page 323) <br /> b. False <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 13. Tree data structure is a a. Linear <br /> b. Non Linear (Page 112) <br /> c. Circular <br /> d. None of Above <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 14. What will be the valid postfix notation of A+B*C-D <br /> a. ABC+*D- <br /> b. ABC*+D- (According to rule) <br /> c. ABCD+-* <br /> d. AB+D*C <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 15. When an operator is used in between two operands this is which type of notation a. Prefix <br /> b. Postfix <br /> c. Infix (Page 64) <br /> d. None of the Above <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Which one of the following is a valid postfix expression? <br /> ► ab+c*d- <br /> ► abc*+d- (According to rule) <br /> ► abc+*d- <br /> ► (abc*)+d- <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> The tree data structure is a <br /> ► Linear data structure <br /> ► Non-linear data structure (Page 112) <br /> ► Graphical data structure <br /> ► Data structure like queue <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> A Compound Data Structure is the data structure which can have multiple data items of same type or of different types. Which of the following can be considered compound data structure? <br /> ► Arrays Click here for detail <br /> ► LinkLists <br /> ► Binary Search Trees <br /> ► All of the given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Suppose a pointer has been declared in main but has not assigned any variable address then <br /> ►That pointer points to First byte in main function <br /> ►That pointer contains a NULL value <br /> ►None of these <br /> ►That pointer points to any memory address <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Here is the start of a C++ class declaration: <br /> class foo <br /> { <br /> public: <br /> void x(foo f); <br /> void y(const foo f); <br /> void z(foo f) const; <br /> ... <br /> Which of the three member functions can alter the PRIVATE member variables of the foo object that activates the function? <br /> ►Only x can alter the private member variables of the object that activates the function. <br /> ►Only y can alter the private member variables of the object that activates the function. <br /> ►Only z can alter the private member variables of the object that activates the function. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ►Two of the functions can alter the private member variables of the object that activates the function. Only the x and y can alter the private member variable of the foo class object. Last Option is more correct but not exact. In the last option the two function name are not mentioned <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> The operation for removing an entry from a stack is traditionally called: <br /> ► delete <br /> ► peek <br /> ► pop (Page 53) <br /> ► remove <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Which statement of the following statements is incorrect? <br /> ► Lists can be implemented by using arrays or linked lists <br /> ► A list is a sequence of one or more data items <br /> ► Stack is a special kind of list in which all insertions and deletions take place at one end <br /> ► Stacks are easier to implement than lists <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Parameters in function call are passed using, <br /> ► Stack (Page 80) <br /> ► Queue <br /> ► Binary Search Tree <br /> ► AVL Tree <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Consider the following sequence of push operations in a stack: <br /> stack.push(’7’); stack.push(’8’); stack.push(’9’); stack.push(’10’); stack.push(’11’); stack.push(’12’); <br /> ►7 8 9 10 11 12 <br /> ►9 8 11 10 7 12 <br /> ►9 10 8 11 12 7 <br /> ►9 10 8 12 7 11 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> What is the maximum depth of recursive calls a function may make? <br /> ►1 <br /> ►2 <br /> ► n (where n is the argument) <br /> ► There is no fixed maximum <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Consider the following function: <br /> void test_a(int n) <br /> { <br /> cout << n << " "; <br /> if (n>0) <br /> test_a(n-2); <br /> } <br /> What is printed by the call test_a(4)? <br /> ►420 <br /> ►024 <br /> ►02 <br /> ►24 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Queue follows, <br /> ► Last in First out <br /> ► First in Last out <br /> ► First in First out(Page 87) <br /> ► None of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> is a binary tree where every node has a value, every node's left subtree contains only values less than or equal to the <br /> node's value, and every node's right subtree contains only values that are greater then or equal ? <br /> ►Strictly Binary Tree <br /> ►Binary Search tree Click here for detail <br /> ►AVL tree <br /> ►All of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Four statements about trees are below. Three of them are correct. Which one is INCORRECT? <br /> ►Trees are recursively defined multi-dimensional data structures Click here for detail <br /> ►The order of a tree indicates a maximum number of childen allowed at each node of the tree <br /> ►A search tree is a special type of tree where all values (i.e. keys) are ordered <br /> ►If Tree1's size is greater than Tree2's size, then the height of Tree1 must also be greater than <br /> Tree2's height. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Below is a binary search tree. If we delete the value 50 using the algorithm we discussed, what value will be in the <br /> root of the remaining tree? <br /> ► 50 <br /> ► 60 <br /> ► 70 <br /> ► 80 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Is a data structure that can grow easily dynamically at run time without having to copy existing elements? <br /> ► Array <br /> ► List <br /> ► Both of these <br /> ► None of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Which one of the following statement is NOT correct . <br /> ► In linked list the elements are necessarily to be contiguous Click here for detail <br /> ► In linked list the elements may locate at far positions in the memory <br /> ► In linked list each element also has the address of the element next to it <br /> ► In an array the elements are contiguous <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> In a program a reference variable, say x, can be declared as <br /> ► int &x ; Click here for detail <br /> ► int *x ; <br /> ► int x ; <br /> ► None of the given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Linked lists are collections of data items "lined up in a row" , insertions and deletions can be made only at the front and the back of a linked list. <br /> ► True <br /> ► False Click here for detail <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> A Linear Data Structure is the data structure in which data elements are arranged in a sequence or a linear list. Which of the following is Non Linear Data Structure? <br /> ► Arrays <br /> ► LinkLists <br /> ► Binary Search Trees Click here for detail <br /> ► None of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> A queue where the de-queue operation depends not on FIFO, is called a priority queue <br /> False <br /> ►True (Page 101) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Which one of the following statements is correct? <br /> ► size is fixed once it is created Click here for detail <br /> ► Link List size is fixed once it is created. <br /> ►Binary Search Tree size is fixed once it is created <br /> ► AVL Tree size is fixed once it is created <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Which one of the following is correct about pointers? <br /> ►They always point to different memory locations <br /> ►They may point to a single memory location <br /> ►The address of two pointer variables is same <br /> ► None of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Which of the following abstract data types are NOT used by Integer Abstract Data type group? <br /> ► <br /> ►Int <br /> ►float Click here for detail <br /> ►long <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> The operation for adding an entry to a stack is traditionally called : <br /> ►add <br /> ►append <br /> ►insert <br /> ►push(Page 53) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> The operation for removing an entry from a stack is traditionally called: <br /> ►delete <br /> ►peek <br /> ►pop(Page 53) <br /> ►remove <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> We can add elements in QUEUE From <br /> ►Front <br /> ►Rear (Page 91) <br /> ►From Both Rare and Front <br /> ►None of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> The difference between a binary tree and a binary search tree is that ,a binary search tree has <br /> ►two children per node whereas a binary tree can have none, one, or two children per node <br /> Click here for detail <br /> ► in binary search tree nodes are inserted based on the values they contain <br /> ►in binary tree nodes are inserted based on the values they contain <br /> ► of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Suppose n is the number of nodes in a complete Binary Tree then maximum steps required for a search operation are, <br /> ► Log2 (n+1) -1 (Page 139) <br /> ►Log 2 (n+1) <br /> ►Log 2 (n) – 1 <br /> ►Log 2 (n) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> The following is a segment of a C program. int pqr(BinaryNode t) <br /> { if (t == null ) <br /> return -1; <br /> else <br /> return 1+max(pqr(t.left),pqr(t.right)) } <br /> Identify, what the above program intend(s) to do? <br /> ►Compute the height of a binary tree using an in-order traversal <br /> ►Compute the height of a binary tree using a pre-order traversal <br /> ►Compute the depth of a binary tree using a pre-order traversal <br /> ►Compute the depth of a binary tree using a post-order traversal <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> Consider the following infix expression: <br /> 3 + 5 * 6 – 7 * (8 + 5) <br /> Which of the following is a correct equivalent expression(s) for the above? <br /> ►3 65+*7 5 8 + -* <br /> ►3 657 5 8+* + -* <br /> ►3 5 6+*7 8 5 + -* <br /> ►3 5 6 * + 7 8 5 + * - <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one <br /> An array is a group of consecutive related memory locations. <br /> ► TrueClick here for detail <br /> ► False <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 17 <br /> ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Is this a correct statement? Give answer in Yes or No. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A node cannot be deleted, when the node to be deleted has both left and right subtrees. <br /> False ---- No, it can be deleted. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) <br /> Deleting a leaf node in binary search tree involves setting pointer/s of that node’s parent as null. <br /> 1 <br /> 2 <br /> 3 <br /> 4 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Select the one FALSE statement about binary trees: <br /> a. Every binary tree has at least one node. <br /> b. Every non-empty tree has exactly one root node. <br /> c. Every node has at most two children. <br /> d. Every non-root node has exactly one parent. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Below is a binary search tree. If we delete the value 50 using the algorithm we discussed, what value will be in the root of the remaining tree? <br /> <br /> <br /><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ► 50 <br /> <br /> <br /> ► 60 <br /> <br /> <br /> ► 70 <br /> <br /> <br /> ► 80 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> A tree is an AVL tree if <br /> ► Any one node fulfills the AVL condition <br /> ► At least half of the nodes fulfill the AVL condition <br /> ► All the nodes fulfill the AVL condition <br /> ► None of the given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In the statement int x[6]; , we cannot assign any value to x because x is not an value. <br /> ► True <br /> ► False <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Consider the following pseudo code declare a stack of characters while ( there are more characters in the word to read ) <br /> { <br /> read a character <br /> push the character on the stack <br /> } <br /> while ( the stack is not empty ) <br /> { <br /> pop a character off the stack write the character to the screen <br /> } <br /> What is written to the screen for the input "apples"? <br /> ► selpa <br /> ► selppa <br /> ► apples <br /> ► aaappppplleess <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In the following C++ code, how many function calls are made? <br /> int x, y, z; <br /> x = 2; <br /> y = 3 + x; <br /> z = foobar(x,y); <br /> ► 1 <br /> ► 4 <br /> ► 7 <br /> ► 8 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> We can add elements in QUEUE From <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ► Front <br /> ► Rear <br /> ► From Both Rare and Front <br /> ► None of these <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Consider the following tree. <br /><br /> <br /> How many descendants does the root have? <br /> ► 5 <br /> ► 6 <br /> ► 7 <br /> ► 8 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Which of the following statement regarding binary tree is NOT correct. <br /> ► A binary tree can contain at least 2L Nodes at level L. <br /> ► A complete binary tree of depth d is a binary tree that contains 2L Nodes at each level L between 0 and d, both inclusive. <br /> ► The total number of nodes (Tn ) in a complete binary tree of depth d is 2 d+1- 1 . <br /> ► The height of the complete binary tree can be written as h = log 2 (Tn+1)-1 where Tn is Total number of <br /> Nodes. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The following are statements related to queues. <br /> 1. The last item to be added to a queue is the first item to be removed <br /> 2. A queue is a structure in which both ends are not used <br /> 3. The last element hasn’t to wait until all elements preceding it on the queue are removed <br /> 4. A queue is said to be a last-in-first-out list or LIFO data structure. Which of the above is/are related to normal queues? <br /> ► (iii) and (ii) only <br /> ► (i), (ii) and (iv) only <br /> ► (ii) and (iv) only <br /> ► None of the given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The_ method of list data structure removes the element residing at the current position. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ► Add <br /> ► next <br /> ► remove <br /> ► find <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The depth of a binary tree is <br /> Select correct option: <br /> Total number of nodes in the tree Number of leaf nodes in the tree Number of non-leaf nodes in the tree Maximum level of a leaf* <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In which traversal method, the recursive calls can be used to traverse a binary tree ? Select correct option: <br /> In preorder traversal only <br /> In inorder traversal only <br /> In postorder traversal only <br /> All of the given options* <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Which of the following statement is false? Select correct option: <br /> Arrays are dense lists and static data structure <br /> data elements in linked list need not be stored in adjecent space in memory <br /> pointers store the next data element of a list* <br /> linked lists are collection of the nodes that contain information part and next pointer <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Which of the following statement related to deleting nodes from a binary search tree is NOT <br /> correct ? <br /> Select correct option: <br /> The node to be deleted has no children; the node can be deleted without any adjustment. Delete the leaf node and set reference from its parent to null reference. <br /> The node to be deleted has two sub-trees. The method to be used is to replace the node being deleted by the rightmost child of its left sub-tree. <br /> The node to be deleted has two sub-trees. The method to be used is to replace the node being deleted by the leftmost child of its right sub-tree. <br /> The node to be deleted has no children; the node can be deleted with very few adjustments to the tree.* (not sure) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Which one of the following calling method does not change the original value of the argument in the calling function? <br /> Select correct option: <br /> Call by passing reference of the argument Call by passing the address of the argument Call by passing the value of the argument* <br /> None of the given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In-order traversal method traverses the data in <br /> Select correct option: <br /> Non sorted order Random order Sorted order* None of the given <br /> <br /> <br />The depth of a complete binary tree is given by <br /> Select correct option: Dn = n log2n <br /> Dn = n log2n+1 <br /> Dn = log2n <br /> Dn = log2(n+1)-1* <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> If we write functions for recursive and non recursive in order traversal method of BST, what will be the difference between its functions prototypes? <br /> Select correct option: <br /> Different return types Different function names* Different arguments list Nothing will be different <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In a program a reference variable, say x, can be declared as <br /> Select correct option: <br /> int &x ;* <br /> int *x ; <br /> int x ; <br /> None of the given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Which one is not the property of binary tree? Select correct option: <br /> Every node in binary tree should have maximum two children. <br /> Only one node should have two parents.* <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Sibling nodes should have same parent. None of given options. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Here is a piece of code from inset method of BST, to search the correct position of newly created node. <br /> while( *info != *(p->getInfo()) && q != NULL ) { p = q; <br /> if( *info < *(p->getInfo()) ) q = p->getLeft(); <br /> else q = p->getRight(); } <br /> If there are 8 levels in a tree then, how many times the while loop will be executed. Select correct option: <br /> 4 <br /> 8 * <br /> 10 <br /> 16 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> During in-order traversal using recursive calls, if we found a node is NULL. It means this node will satisfy following condition. <br /> Select correct option: <br /> It will not have left child <br /> It will not have right child <br /> It will not have both left and right children <br /> None of given options * <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> During deletion of node from BST, if we found this node don’t have in-order successor and predecessor. <br />It means this node is . Select correct option: <br /> Left most node in the binary search tree Right most node in binary search tree Root node * (not sure) <br /> None of given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Longest path from root node to farthest leaf node is called <br /> Select correct option: Level Length Depth * Node level <br /> <br /> of tree <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Binary search algorithm cannot be applied to _ Select correct option: <br /> sorted linked list * sorted binary trees sorted linear array None of given options <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Deleting a <br /> <br /> node in BST is a <br /> <br /> case <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Select correct option: Root, simplest <br /> Left child, simplest Right child, simplest Leaf, simplest * <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Which one is not the property of binary tree? Select correct option: <br /> Every node in binary tree should have maximum two children. <br /> Only one node should have two parents. * Sibling nodes should have same parent. None of given options. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In-order traversal method traverses the data in <br /> Select correct option: <br /> Non sorted order Random order Sorted order * None of the given <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> In which traversal method, the recursive calls can be used to traverse a binary tree ? Select correct option: <br /> In preorder traversal only <br /> In inorder traversal only <br /> In postorder traversal only <br /> All of the given options * <br /> <br /> <br /> Question # 5 of 10 ( Start time: 02:07:23 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br /> Which one is the correct function call for the following function of calculating cube? int cube(int& num) { . . . } <br /> Select correct option: cube(&num) cube(&&num) <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> cube(*num) <br /> cube(num) * <br /> <br /> <br /> Question # 6 of 10 ( Start time: 02:08:02 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br />The depth of a complete binary tree is given by <br /> Select correct option: Dn = n log2n <br /> Dn = n log2n+1 <br /> Dn = log2n <br /> Dn = log2(n+1)-1 * <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Question # 7 of 10 ( Start time: 02:08:41 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br /> 1. Here is a piece of code from inset method of BST, to search the correct position of newly created node. while( *info != *(p->getInfo()) && q != NULL ) { p = q; if( *info < *(p- <br /> >getInfo()) ) q = p->getLeft(); else q = p->getRight(); } If there are 8 levels in a tree then, how many times the while loop will be executed. <br /> Select correct option: <br /> 4 <br /> 8 * <br /> 10 <br /> 16 <br /> <br /> <br /> Question # 8 of 10 ( Start time: 02:09:22 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br /> If we write functions for recursive and non recursive inorder traversal method of BST, what will be the difference between its functions prototypes? <br /> Select correct option: <br /> Different return types Different function names * Different arguments list Nothing will be different <br /> <br /> <br /> Question # 9 of 10 ( Start time: 02:09:43 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br /> When converting binary tree into extended binary tree, all the original nodes in binary tree are <br /> <br /> <br />Select correct option: <br /> Internal nodes on extended tree* External nodes on extended tree Vanished on extended tree <br /> None of above <br /> (dont know) <br /> <br /> <br /> Question # 10 of 10 ( Start time: 02:10:07 AM ) Total Marks: 1 <br />A binary tree whose every node has either zero or two children is called <br /> Select correct option: Complete binary tree <br /> <br /> <br /> Binary search tree Strictly binary tree * None of above <br /> Quiz Start Time: 09:51 PM Time Left 66 <br /> sec(s) <br /> Question # 4 of 10 ( Start time: 09:52:58 PM ) Total Marks: 1 <br />Leaf node of binary search tree contains <br /> Select correct option: <br /> <br /> One Null pointer Three Null pointers Two Null pointers* All of the given
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">D<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>ine<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>R<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>nce
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">n the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>C<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">+</span>+<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>prog<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">mm</span>ing
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lis<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>.<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n add<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">G<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ve one <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>S<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>ac<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">k</span>.</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">n co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>put<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ence, a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ck <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>s
a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ast<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>in, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>out
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">L</span>I<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>O)
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">a</span>bs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ract<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>pe
and da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ure. A s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ack<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>can
ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">n</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>abs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ract<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a
t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">y</span>pe as an <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>,
but <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s cha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ac<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>zed <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">b</span>y
on<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">l</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">
</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>o funda<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>al<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>opera<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>: pu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>h
and<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>pop. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">str</span>uc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>u<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">it</span>se<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ces
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he proper<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>order<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 112%;">Let’s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ode as<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>a that<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>requi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>es <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>balanc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">in</span>g.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>C<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">o</span>ns<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>der the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>wo
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>ases<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>giv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>n bel<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">w</span></span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 112%;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1) An in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nto <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>eft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>sub<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>ee
of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>eft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ch<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ld of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2) An in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nto <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">b</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ght <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>hi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>d of a.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Wh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>ch of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he
fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">em</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>cor<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ect<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>o
case<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">1) The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>nse<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ccurs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>out<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">i</span>de (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>.e.,
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ef<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>t or<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>gh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>gh<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
cases<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>d 2. s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ngle ro<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>an f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>x the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ba<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>e
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">h</span>ese <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>o case<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2) The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>nse<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>ccurs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">d</span>e (<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>i.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>., l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">-</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>or
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>igh<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
cases<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1 a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>d 2. s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ngle<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ro<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>annot<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>x the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ba<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>ce <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n
th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>se <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>o cases<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">G<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ve short<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>wers<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">w</span>ing
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">q</span>ues<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>W<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">h</span>y List<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>wastes
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ess<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ory as co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>pared to<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">A</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ys.
A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span>s:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>s do not<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>need <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>guous b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>ks of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y; <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>xt<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ely<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>rge da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a
se<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ored <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
an ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ay<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>be
ab<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>o f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>t <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 114%;">2. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>orage
do<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s not<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>need <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>o be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>prea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ed
(<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ga<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>n, due <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>s need<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng
con<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>iguous<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>blo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>ks<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">)</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 114%;">3. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>nse<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng
or <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>n
e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ent<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o
a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ink<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>req<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">u</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>es one da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>a
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">2. <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>Why<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">What<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>wo<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">u</span>ld<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>ta<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>of
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 114%;">What a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>e the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>ppl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>cat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ons<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>of
Bina<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">r</span>y T<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee. A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>wer:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 114%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">tw</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>dec<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ons are <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ade
at<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>each po<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>ber<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>: 14, 15,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>4, 9,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">7, 18, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">3</span>, 5, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span>6,
4,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>20, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1</span>7, 9,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> 1</span>4, 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 114%;">What <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">i</span>ffere<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ce
be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">t</span>we<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l by r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>nce
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>nd <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">c</span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>valu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">e</span>?
A<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">n</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>wer:</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 114%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">One <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">a</span>ppl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion
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f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nd d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>es <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n
a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">t a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>gi<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>en
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>ber
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t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee. Each<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>pared
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>arge<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e sea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ch <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he
r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ght <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>ub<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>se
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>e sea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ch <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>eft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>su<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>su<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>s
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>p<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>,
the nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s not<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a dup<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>e a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">n</span>d
th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>added as a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>new<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>node.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2. Bina<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ees
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>,
if<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ake <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>t nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">e</span>r as<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">roo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>, the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>bers<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>ss <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>han
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ber <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l
be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ans<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">e</span>d to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>eft<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>su<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee
and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he gre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r nu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>bers<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>to
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">3. Bina<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ees
a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>e a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>so us<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>oping
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he huf<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>an codes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">What <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">u</span>nct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>onal<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ty <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>f
the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">f</span>ol<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">lo</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">w</span>ing<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> m</span>ethod <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>f
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">B</span>ST class</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Tre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>Nod<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span><in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>>*<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>func<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">(</span>TreeN<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">o</span>de<in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>>*<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>( <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ree
==<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> N</span>ULL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>urn <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ree;<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>//<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">a) Wr<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>te a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>C++
sta<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ent <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">t</span>hat dec<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ares<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>a
val<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>d <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>efe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>ce <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>int<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>i;</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">b) What <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">n</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">f</span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> o</span>f
r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span>er<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>nce <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>nd<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">h</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>re c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>we<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>use
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>t?</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.15pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">n the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>st<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ure
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>ere
discus<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>ing <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>bout <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>efe<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>nce
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>ar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ab<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>es, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>e
saw<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>ee exa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>pl<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>s;<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ue, ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l
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by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er. We<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>saw<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>use
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ack<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>hen a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">f</span>unc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s
ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> v</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ue, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e or by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">
</span>poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er. The a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>gu<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s pa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>sed
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">u</span>nc<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ion <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>nd
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pushed on <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>o t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">h</span>e s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ack. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">T</span>here <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s
one <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>por<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ant<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>point<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>to
no<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>hat<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>our<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>e,
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e are<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>C/C++<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>but
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>usage of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ack <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>s
s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ar <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span>mo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t
of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>put<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>r <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>anguag<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">e</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ike
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<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">w</span>e are<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>us<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng here <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">C</span>++<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>pec<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">i</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>c, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ike<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> w</span>e are<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>sen<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">d</span>ing a<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">para<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er <span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>er
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na<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>i<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">v</span>e da<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>a t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">y</span>pes <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ike<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>,
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>oat<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;"> </span>are
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>p<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a</span>ss<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d
by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.1pt; line-height: 115%;">v</span><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ue and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he obj<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>c<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">p</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">s</span>sed
by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>O<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">R</span>TR<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A</span>N, e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">v</span>ery<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>par<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s pa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">s</span>ed by re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e.
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">I</span>n PAS<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">C</span>A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">L</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">y</span>ou can pass<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>para<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er
<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">b</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>alue or by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">f</span>eren<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">c</span>e <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>ike<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>C++.<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>You
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>ight<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ha<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>e hea<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>d of A<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">L</span>G<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">O</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">L</span>,
th<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>anguage <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">h</span>ad pro<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">v</span>id<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>ano<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>her
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">w</span>ay<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">
</span>of pa<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">s</span>s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ng para<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">m</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>d ca<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">l</span>l
by<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>n<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">m</span>e. These k<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">i</span>nds of<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>top<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>cs a<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>e
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">v</span>ered
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>n sub<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">j</span>ec<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>ike<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Deter<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ine<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">h</span>at <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>fo<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">l</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">o</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">i</span>ng re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">c</span>urs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ve “<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>ys<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>ery”<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">un</span>ct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>on co<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">m</span>putes<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>w<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">h</span>en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>giv<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>a poin<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>er
to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>root<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>node<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> o</span>f a binary<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>tre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>.</span></b><span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>ruct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>bt_s<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>{
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>nt ke<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">y</span>; <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">s</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">r</span>uct<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>b<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;">t</span>_s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">*</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">e</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">*</span>r<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">i</span>ght;<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>}
b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>_t;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">int<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;">M</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">F</span>unc (b<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>_t<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">*</span>T)
{<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">int<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>N1,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>N2;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">if<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>(T == <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">N</span>UL<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">L</span>) <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">r</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">t</span>urn<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>1; N1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>= M<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">F</span>unc(T<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>>lef<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">N2<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>= M<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">F</span>unc(T<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">-</span>>righ<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">re<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">t</span>urn <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">(</span>N1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>N2<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>? <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">N</span>1
: N2)<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>+ 1;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">}<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-86149150436772147942023-04-18T01:05:00.001+05:002023-04-18T01:10:27.553+05:004 Things to Leave Off Your Resume<h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Things to Leave Off Your Resume </span></h1><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFtHVAmY8M0RrkRuQR35YZpRK6c8am1A5BaPZ3LYUa-vAS1MZN1QDXgTEvZKKJVMGh8hzvgzFxewuNuczTFsgPxEc51fPRYZZMKBVdMG-u20GQjW0lF_RFuZBLy3KsyaZHB95jLOv1-Ua6gfIWQXC1q9GaWORVfKfDdT7oumB02154fBpg51sC2mC/s1366/4%20Things%20to%20Leave%20Off%20Your%20Resume.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="4 Things to Leave Off Your Resume" border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1366" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAFtHVAmY8M0RrkRuQR35YZpRK6c8am1A5BaPZ3LYUa-vAS1MZN1QDXgTEvZKKJVMGh8hzvgzFxewuNuczTFsgPxEc51fPRYZZMKBVdMG-u20GQjW0lF_RFuZBLy3KsyaZHB95jLOv1-Ua6gfIWQXC1q9GaWORVfKfDdT7oumB02154fBpg51sC2mC/w640-h360/4%20Things%20to%20Leave%20Off%20Your%20Resume.png" title="4 Things to Leave Off Your Resume" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />Are you struggling to land a job even though you have a well-written resume? It's possible that you might be including information that is irrelevant or inappropriate, and this can harm your chances of getting hired. In this article, we'll discuss the things to leave off your resume to increase your chances of landing a job.<br /><br />Meta Description: Crafting a winning resume is essential to get hired, but certain things can harm your chances. Learn what to leave off your resume to increase your chances of getting hired. <br /><br /><br />As a top-notch SEO and high-end copywriter, we understand the importance of creating compelling and informative content that can outrank other websites on search engines. That's why we have carefully crafted this article to help you outrank the article you provided in Google's search results.<br /><br />Are you struggling to land that dream job even with a well-written resume? Well, you might want to take a closer look at your resume and ensure you remove some things that could be hurting your chances. In this article, we'll share some valuable tips on what to remove from your resume, as recommended by a CEO who has read thousands of resumes.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Objective Statement</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></h2><div><span style="font-size: medium;">One of the things you should remove from your resume is the objective statement. The CEO in question advises that objective statements are outdated and not necessary in the current job market. Instead of an objective statement, use a summary statement that highlights your skills, experience, and achievements.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Irrelevant Work Experience</span></h2></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"> Another thing you should remove from your resume is any irrelevant work experience. Ensure that your work experience aligns with the job you're applying for. If you have experience in other fields, try to highlight transferable skills that could be relevant to the job.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Unnecessary Personal Information</span></h2></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;">You should also remove any unnecessary personal information from your resume, such as your date of birth, marital status, and social security number. This information is not relevant to your job application and could be used for discriminatory purposes.<br /><br /></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">References</span></h2></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"> It's also unnecessary to include references on your resume. If the employer requires references, they will ask for them during the interview process.<br /><br /></span><span><a name='more'></a></span><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Typos and Grammatical Errors</span></h2></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"> Lastly, ensure that your resume is free from typos and grammatical errors. The CEO in question notes that even one mistake could result in your resume being discarded.<br /><br />In conclusion, ensuring that your resume is free from unnecessary information and errors can significantly improve your chances of landing that dream job. Follow these tips, and you'll be one step closer to achieving your career goals.
<br /><br />We hope that this article has been helpful in improving your resume and increasing your chances of landing your dream job. Good luck with your job search!</span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-70850081510370182172023-04-12T14:14:00.001+05:002023-05-09T00:37:25.324+05:00MGT201 mid term past old paper<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">MGT201….
Midterm Subjective</span></u></i></b></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Suppose ABC Company is given Rs. 3 as a dividend which is
expected to grow at constant rate of 9% per year from now on. What would be the
stock price of company if the required rate return is 17%? (3 Marks :)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">EXPECTED RATE OF RETURN mark 5 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 11.9pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Probability<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Return<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">25%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">12%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 11.3pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">25%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.3pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">11.50</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">25%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">10</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">25%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.9pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 147.1pt;" valign="top" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">9.50</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Answer .1075 or 10.75</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Slandered Deviation?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 11.55pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 11.55pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 132.1pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Correlation</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.55pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 132.1pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">1.8</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 12.2pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 132.1pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Return on asset z</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 12.2pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 132.1pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">20%</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 11.55pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 132.1pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Slandered deviation of z ?</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 11.55pt; padding: 0.75pt; width: 132.1pt;" valign="top" width="176">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Answer 63 % (</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=sqrt</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Rs 63 , Rs 36 ,
36 %</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>10 Year bond with 12% coupon rate is selling at Rs. 1650
face value of bond is Rs. 1000. Required rate of return is 14%. SEMI ANUALLY</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=FV/(1+ror%/M)^20</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=1435 <br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Differentiate the Floating rate bond and junk bound<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> <b>Floating
Rate Bond</b>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">It is
defined as a type of bond bearing a yield that may rise and fall within a
specified range</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">according
to fluctuations in the market. The bond has been used in the housing bond
market</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Eurobonds</b>: it issued from a foreign country</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Junk
Bonds </b>& <b>High Yield Bonds: </b>Corporations that are small in size,
or lack an established operating</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">track
record are also likely to be considered speculative grade. Junk bonds are most
commonly</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">associated with corporate issuers. They are high-risk debt
with rating below BB by S&P</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">H Corporation’s stock currently sells for Rs.20 a share.
The stock just paid a dividend of Rs.2 a share (Do = Rs.2). The dividend is
expected to grow at a constant rate of 11% a year. What stock price is expected
1 year from now?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Stock
Price= div+price/(1-g)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Briefly explain what call provision is and in which case
companies use this option. (3 marks) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The right (or option) of the Issuer to call back (redeem) or
retire the bond by paying-off the Bondholders before the Maturity Date. When
market interest rates drop, Issuers (or Borrowers) often call back the old
bonds and issue new ones at lower interest rates</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Suppose you approach a bank for getting loan. And the
bank offers to lend you Rs.1, 000,000 and you sign a bond paper. The bank asks
you to issue a bond in their favor on the following terms required by the bank:
Par Value = Rs 1, 000,000, Maturity = 3 years<br />
Coupon Rate = 15% p.a, Security = Machinery <br />
You are required to calculate the cash flow of the bank which you will pay
every month as well as the present value of this option. (5 marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Data:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Par Value = Rs 1, 000,000<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Maturity = 3 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Coupon Rate = 15% p.a, <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Security = Machinery<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CF = Cash Flow = Coupon Value =
Coupon Rate x Par Value</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CF = 15% x 1,000,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CF = 150000/12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Monthly CF = 12500</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Assume that rD = 10%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = CF1/(1+rD/12)12+CFn/(1+rD/12)2x12 +..+CFn/ (1+rD/12) n
+PAR/ (1+rD) n</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 12500/ (1 + 0.10/12)12 + 12500/ (1 + 0.10/12)2x12 +
12500/ (1 + 0.10/12)3x12 + 1000000/(1 + 0.10/12)3x12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 12500/ (1.00833)12 + 12500/ (1.00833)24 + 12500/
(1.00833)36 + 1000000/(1.00833)36</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 11315.60425 + 10243.43196 + 9272.849775 + 741828</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 772660</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = CCF (1 + rD/m )nxm - 1/rD/m</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 12500 (1 + 10%/12)3x12 - 1 / 10%/12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 12500 (41.779)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 522237.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV (Coupons Annuity) = FV / (1 + rD/m) nxm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 522237.5/(1 + 10%/12) 3x12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 522237.5/1.348021407</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 387410</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV (Par) = 1,000,000 / (1.00833)36</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV (Par) = 741828</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = PV (Coupons Annuity) + PV (Par)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 387410 + 741828</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 1129238</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A security analyst has estimated the following returns on
the stocks of 4 large companies:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Weight age Expected Returns</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Company A 25%
12%<br />
Company B 25% 11.5%<br />
Company C 25% 10%<br />
Company D 25% 9.5%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">You are required to calculate the expected return on this
portfolio. (5 marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP * = rA xA + rB xB + rC xB + rD xD</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 12% (25/100) +
11.5 %( 25/100) + 10%(/25/100) + 9.5%(25/100)
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 3% + 2.8757% + 2.5 + 2.375</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 10.75%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
<br />
<b><i>5 Marks: </i>Suppose Govt. pay coupon on its bond quarterly; calculate
the intrinsic value of bond under following circumstances: 10 Year bond with
10% coupon rate is selling at Rs. 1050 face value of bond is Rs. 1000. Required
rate of return is 12%.</b><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span>1.<span style="line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Suppose there are 2 stocks in
your investment portfolio,</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 54.75pt;" width="73">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Value of</span></div><div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;"> investment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 81pt;" width="108">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Expected </span></div><div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;">IRR<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 54.75pt;" width="73">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 81pt;" width="108">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 54.75pt;" width="73">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 81pt;" width="108">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 54.75pt;" width="73">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 3.75pt; width: 81pt;" width="108">
<div style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Calculate
the expected portfolio return<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Solution:</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Expected
Portfolio return calculation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = rA x
A + rB x B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = 30% x
(40 / 100) + 20% x (60 / 100)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = 0.12
+ 0.12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = 0.24
or 24%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Why the companies prefer to raise money through debt not
through equity? (3 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
<b><span>Debt
financing refers to any borrowed money which the entrepreneur must pay back to
the lending institution. An interest rate and other terms apply. Company which
are well established and profitable growth often rely on debt financing.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<br />
</span><div style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 7.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Equity
financing is money lent in exchange for ownership in a company. New businesses
can use equity financing for their startups or when they need to raise
additional equity capital to offset existing debt. REASON</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The debt finance company is not
interested in becoming a partner in your endeavor, instead they are in business
to make money from their money, letting you use it for periods of time. When
seeking outside capital, whether equity or debt, remember that certain sources
are familiar and like to work with particular industries. Take the time to look
around and be sure that the source you are considering is well-aquatinted with
your type of business.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What is the relationship between standard deviation &
Risk (3 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The standard deviation is a direct measure of risk involved
in the purchase of the share. The more the standard deviation, the more the
stock is considered to be risky. Standard deviation is commonly used as a
measure to compare two or more set of data. The price of two stocks can have
same mean, but they will have different standard deviation. The stock with
larger standard deviation is considered to be more risky than the stock having
smaller standard deviation, because it has more variability in its mean price.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">However, we should also calculate the range of data for the
two stocks to make our conclusion more stronger. The range is calculated as</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Range = Highest value - Lowest value.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> The stock having
small range is considered to be less risky than the stock with larger range.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Risk means the chance of actual outcome differing from
expected outcome. Higher risk tends to result in a lower share price as
shareholders demand more compensation for the greater risk in the form of
higher expected returns. In nutshell, the stock having small standard deviation
and range is considered as less risky than the stocks having larger standard
deviation and range.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Suppose you approach a bank for getting loan. And the
bank offers to lend you Rs.1, 000,000 and you sign a bond paper. The bank asks
you to issue a bond in their favor on the following terms required by the bank:
Par Value = Rs 1, 000,000, Maturity = 3 years<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">1- Company ABC wants to issue
more common stock face value Rs.10. Next year the Dividend is expected to be
Rs.2 per share assuming a Dividend growth rate of 10%pa. The lawyers’ fee and
stock broker commission will cost Rs.1 per share. Investors are confident about
company ABC so the common share is floated at market price of Rs.16 (i.e.
Premium of Rs.6). If the capital structure of company ABC is entering common
equity then what is the company WACC? Use Retained Earning Approach to
calculate the result. (Marks=5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Calculate Required ROR for Common
Stock using Gordon’s Formula</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r = (DIV1/Po) +
g</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Po = market
price = 16</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Div1 = Next
Dividend = 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">G = growth rate
= 10%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r = (2/16)+10% =
22.50%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Now If company wanted to issue
the stock via new float then it has to pay the lawyer fee and broker commission
which 1 Rs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Net proceed = 16
– 1 = 15</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r = (2/15)+10% =
22.50% = 23.33%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Find the Beta on a stock given that its expected Return
is 16% the Risk free rate is 4% and the Expected return on the Market portfolio
is 12% (Marks 5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r = rRF + Beta (rM - rRF).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r=16%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Rf=4%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rM=12%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">B=?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">16% = 4% + Beta (12% - 4%).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">16%-4%=Beta*8%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">12%/8%=Beta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">1.5=Beta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Risk free Rate is 15% and expected Market Return is 20%.
FM Corporation has a bet of 1.9 and Gold Corporation has beta of 1.5. Find
Expected Return on FM Corporation and Gold Corporation.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r = rRF + Beta (rM - rRF).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">B=1.9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rM=20%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rRF=15%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r=15%+1.9(5%)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-size: large;">Gold Company:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">B=1.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rM=20%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rRF=15%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r = rRF + Beta (rM - rRF).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">r=15%+1.5(5%)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">EBIT
of a firm is Rs. 200 and corporate tax rate, Tc is 30 %. If the firm is 100%
Equity and rE is 20%. Then calculate WACC.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">WACC = rD XD. + rP XP + rE XE <b>.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">WACC=0+0+20%(100)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">WACC=20<b>%<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Explain the equation of EBIT
when it is equal to Break Even Point. MARKS-5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">An indicator of a company's
profitability, calculated as revenue minus expenses, excluding tax and
interest. EBIT is also referred to as "operating earnings",
"operating profit" and "operating income", as you can
re-arrange the formula to be calculated as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">EBIT = Revenue - Operating Expenses<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Also known as Profit before
Interest & Taxes (PBIT), and equals Net Income with interest and taxes
added back to it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Breakeven Point: Quantity of Sales at which EBIT = 0<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">EBIT = Op Revenue
- Op Costs = Op Revenue - Variable Costs – Fixed Costs</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=
PQ - VQ - F. Where P= Product Price (Rs), Q= Quantity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">or</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">#Units Sold, V=
Variable Cost (Rs), F= Fixed Cost (Rs). So IF EBIT = 0</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">then PQ-VQ-F = 0 so Breakeven Q = F
/ (P - V)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Calculate the market value of equity for a 100% equity
firm using the following information extracted from its financial statements: EBIT
= Rs. 50, 000, return on equity is 12%, amount of equity is Rs. 100, 000. tax
rate is 35%.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">First all all we net to calculate Net income</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Net income = EBIT – Interest – tax</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Net income = 50,000 – 0 – (.35*
50,000) = 32,500</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Now to calculate the market value of firm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Net income/ return on equity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 32500/.12 = 270833.3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Market value of unleveraged firm
(100% equity firm) equity + debit</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 270833.3 + 0</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 270833</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Earnings before interest and
taxes (EBIT) of Firm is Rs.1000 and Corporate Tax Rate, Tc is 30%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">If the Firm is 100% Equity (or
Un-Levered) and rE = 30% then what is the WACCU of Un-levered Firm?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">1) Net income =
EBIT - I - Tax</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 1000 - 0 -
30% (0.3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 700</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">2) Equity (Un-L)
= NI/Re</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 700/30% (0.3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2334</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3) WACC(Un-L) =
Equity + Debt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2334 + 0 So</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2334 Here is
note that wacc is equal to equity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 30% Jitna
equity k rate hoga otahi WACC ho of Un-levered firm.....</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">If the Firm takes Rs.1000 Debt
at 10% Interest or Mark-up then what is the WACCL of Levered Firm? (There is no
change in return in equity)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">1)Net income =
EBIT - I - Tax</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=
1000 - .1(1000) - 30% (900)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">2) Equity (Un-L)
= NI/Re</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 630/30% (0.3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2100</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3)WACC (L) =
Equity + Debt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2100 + 1000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 3100</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Formula:...</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">WACC = Rd*(1 -
tc)Xd + Re*Xe</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= .1*(1 -
0.3)*(1000/3100) + 0.3*(2100/3100)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 0.225806</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 22.5806%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">100% Equity (un – levered)
firm as total Assets of Rs. 50000 weighted average cost of capital for an un –
levered firm (WACCU) is 35% and cost of debt for un – levered firm (r d u ) of
20% it then adds Rs. 20000 of debt financial Risk increases cost of debts (r d
L) of leverd Firm to 18% (Marks 5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Required<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What is levered firms Cost of
equity (r e L)?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What will be the WACC L of
levered Firm<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Assuming Pure MM View - Ideal
Markets: Total Market Value of Assets of Firm (V) is</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">UNCHANGED. Value of un levered
firm = Value of levered firm. Also, WACC remains</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">UNCHANGED by Capital Structure
and Debt.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">• WACCU = WACCL
= 35%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Re = cost of
equity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Rd = 18 % cost of
debt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">E = market value
of the firm's equity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">D = market value
of the firm's debt =</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">V = E + D</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">E/V = percentage
of financing that is equity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">D/V = percentage of financing that
is debt</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">T = corporate tax rate</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Re = ?<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">WACCu = 35%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rE,L =WACC + Debt/Equity (WACCL -
rD,L)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Re = 35% + 2000/48000(35%-18%)
35.70%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">WACC = E/V *Re + D/V * Rd * (1- T)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Now by plugging values</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">V= E+D = 48000+2000 = 50000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">35% = (48000/50000) * Re +
(2000/50000)* 18%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">By rearranging equation</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">35% = 9.6 Re + .0072</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">.96Re = 35% - .0072</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Re = (35%-.0072) / .96 = 35.70%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cost of Equity for Levered Firm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= rE,L = Risk Free Interest Rate +
Business Risk Premium + Financial Risk Premium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 29 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Briefly
explain what call provision is and in which case companies use this option.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The right (or option) of the Issuer to call back (redeem)
or retire the bond by paying-off the Bondholders before the Maturity Date. When
market interest rates drop, Issuers (or Borrowers) often call back the old
bonds and issue new ones at lower interest rates</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Lakson Corporation is a stagnant market and analysts
foresee a long period of zero growth of the firm. It is paying a yearly
dividend of Rs.5 for some time which is expected to continue indefinitely. The
yield on the stock of similar firm is 8%. What should lakson’s stock sell for?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Data:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">P0 = ?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">D1V1 = 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">RCE = 8%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = D1V1/RCE</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = 5/8%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = 5/0.08</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = 62.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><u>Question No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )</u></i></b><i><u><o:p></o:p></u></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What
are different types of bonds? (Give any five types)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Types
of Bonds:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Mortgage Bonds: backed & secured by real
assets</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Subordinated Debt and General Credit: lower rank
and claim than Mortgage Bonds.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Debentures: These are not secured by real
property, risky</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Floating Rate Bond: It is defined as a type of
bond bearing a yield that may rise and fall within a specified range according
to fluctuations in the market. The bond has been used in the housing bond
market</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Eurobonds: it issued from a foreign country</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.35in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .35in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Zero Bonds & Low Coupon Bonds: no regular
interest payments (+ for lender), not callable (+ for investor)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 32 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">H
Corporation’s stock currently sells for Rs.20 a share. The stock just paid a dividend
of Rs.2 a share (Do = Rs.2). the dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate
of 11% a year.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> <b>What stock price
is expected 1 year from now?<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> <b>What would be the
required rate of return on company’s stock?<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Data:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">P0 = rs 20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">D0 = 2.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">g = 11%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">P1 = ?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">ROR = ?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution
Part A:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P1 = P0(1 + g)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P1= 20(1.11)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P1= 22.2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution
part B:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ROR = D1 / P0 + g</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ROR = (2 * 1.11/20) + 0.11</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ROR = (2.22/20) + 0.11</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ROR = 0.111 + 0.11</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ROR = 0.221*100</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">ROR = 22.1%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 29 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Define interest rate risk and investment risk.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Interest
rate risk<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Interest
rate risk is the risk (variability in value) borne by an interest-bearing
asset, such as a loan or a bond, due to variability of interest rates. In
general, as rates rise, the price of a fixed rate bond will fall, and vice
versa. Interest rate risk is commonly measured by the bond's duration.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Investment
Risk<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The
uncertainties attached while making an investment that the investment may not
yield the expected returns.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">OR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Possibility
of a reduction in value of an insurance instrument resulting from a decrease in
the value of the assets incorporated in the investment portfolio underlying the
insurance instrument. This reduction can also be effected by a change in the
interest rate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A
stock is expected to pay a dividend of Rs.0.75 at the end of the year. The
required rate of return is ks = 10.5%, and the expected constant growth rate is
g = 6.4%. What is the stock's current price?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Data:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">P0
=?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">D1
= 0.75<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">g
= 6.4%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">ROR
= 10.5%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution:-<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = D1 / (ror – g)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = 0.75 / (0.105- 0.064)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Po = 0.75/0.041</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">P0 = 18.29</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">There
are some risks (Unique Risk) that we can diversify but some of the risks
(Market risks) are not diversifiable. Explain both types of risk.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Unique
Risk<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Allocation
of proportional risk to all parties to a contract, usually through a risk
premium. Also called risk allocation.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">In
finance and economics, systematic risk (sometimes called aggregate risk, market
risk, or undiversifiable risk) is vulnerability to events which affect
aggregate outcomes such as broad market returns, total economy-wide resource
holdings, or aggregate income. In many contexts, events like earthquakes and
major weather catastrophes pose aggregate risks—they affect not only the
distribution but also the total amount of resources. If every possible outcome
of a stochastic economic process is characterized by the same aggregate result
(but potentially different distributional outcomes), then the process has no
aggregate risk.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 32 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Hammad
Inc. is considering two alternative, mutually exclusive projects. Both projects
require an initial investment of Rs. 10,000 and are typical, average-risk
projects for the firm. Project A has an expected life of 2 years with after-tax
cash inflow of Rs. 6,000 and Rs. 8,000 at the end of year 1 and 2,
respectively. Project B has an expected life of 4 years with after-tax cash
inflow of Rs. 4,000 at the end of each of next 4 years. The firm’s cost of
capital is 10 percent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">If
the projects cannot be repeated, which project will be selected, and what is
the net present value?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Net
Present Value:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Project A</b>: Initial investment, I0 = Rs 10,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow in yr 1, CF1 = Rs 6000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow in yr 2, CF2 = Rs 8000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Discount rate, I = 10 %</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">No. of yrs, n = 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV = - I0 + CF1/(1+i)n + CF2/(1+i)n + CF3/(1+i) n + CF4/(1+i)
n</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= -10,000 + 6000/(1.10) + 8000/(1.12)2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= -10,000 + 5454.54 + 6611.57</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= - 10,000 +12066.11</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2066.11</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Project B: </b>Initial investment, I0 = Rs 10,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow in yr 1, CF1 = Rs 4000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow in yr 2, CF2 = Rs 4000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow in yr 3, CF3 = Rs 4000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow in yr 4, CF4 = Rs 4000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Discount rate, I = 10 %</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">No. of yrs, n = 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV = - I0 + CF1/(1+i)n + CF2/(1+i)n + CF3/(1+i) n + CF4/(1+i)
n</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= -10,000 + 4000/(1.10) + 4000/(1.10)2+ 4000/(1.10)3+
4000/(1.10)4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= -10,000 + 3636.36 + 3305.8 + 3005.25 + 2732.053</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= -10,000 + 12679.463</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 2in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 2679.463</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>There
are two stocks in the portfolio of Mr. N, Stock A and Stock B. the information
of this portfolio is as follows</b>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Common stock
Expected rate of return Standard
deviation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Stock A 15% 10%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Stock B 20% 15%</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Calculate
the expected rate of return on this portfolio assuming that Stock A consists of
75% of the total funds invested in the stocks and the remainder in Stock B.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Formula
on page 93 of handouts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EL">(</span>XA<span lang="EL">2 σ </span>A<span lang="EL"> 2 +</span>XB<span lang="EL">2 σ </span>B<span lang="EL"> 2 + 2 (</span>XA XB<span lang="EL"> σ </span>A<span lang="EL"> σ </span>B AB<span lang="EL">) </span>x<span lang="EL"> (0.5)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">={(75/100)2(10/100)2+(25/100)2(15/100)2+2((75/100)(25/100)(10/100)(15/100)(.6)}(.5)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=
{(0.5625)(0.01)+(.0625)(0.0225)+2((.75)(.25)(.1)(.15)(.6))}(.5)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=(0.010406)*.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=0.005203*100</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=0.520313%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">(a) What is correlation of coefficient?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Correlation Coefficient ( AB or “Ro”):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Risk of a Portfolio of only 2 Stocks A & B depends on
the Correlation between those 2 stocks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The value of Ro is between -1.0 and +1.0</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">If Ro = 0 then Investments are Uncorrelated & Risk
Formula simplifies to Weighted Average Formula. If Ro = + 1.0 then Investments
are Perfectly Positively Correlated and this means that</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Diversification does not reduce Risk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">If Ro = - 1.0, it means that Investments are Perfectly
Negatively Correlated and the Returns (or Prices or Values) of the 2
Investments move in Exactly Opposite directions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In this Ideal Case, All Risk can be diversified away. For
example, if the price of one stock increases by 50% then the price of another
stock goes down by 50%.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In Reality, Overall Ro for most Stock Markets is about Ro
= + 0.6.it is very rough rule of thumb. It means that correlations are not
completely perfect and you should remember that if the correlation coefficient is
+1.0 then it is not possible to reduce the diversifiable risk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">This means that increasing the number of Investments in
the Portfolio can reduce some amount of risk but not all risk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">(b) What are efficient portfolios?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Efficient Portfolios are those whose Risk & Return
values match the ones computed using Theoretical Probability Formulas. The
Incremental Risk Contribution of a New Stock to a Fully</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Diversified Portfolio of 40 Un-Correlated Stocks will be
the Market Risk Component of the New Stock only. The Diversifiable Risk of the
New Stock would be entirely offset by random movements in the other 40 stocks.
Adding a New Stock to the existing Portfolio will create more Efficient
Portfolio Curves. The New Stock will contribute its own Incremental Risk and Return
to the Portfolio.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 32 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Suppose
you approach a bank for getting loan. And the bank offers to lend you Rs.1,
000,000 and you sign a bond paper. The bank asks you to issue a bond in their
favor on the following terms required by the bank: Par Value = Rs 1, 000,000,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Maturity
= 3 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Coupon
Rate = 15% p.a, Security = Machinery<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">You
are required to calculate the cash flow of the bank which you will pay every
month as well as the present value of this option.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Data:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Par
Value = Rs 1, 000,000<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Maturity
= 3 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Coupon
Rate = 15% p.a,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Security
= Machinery<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CF = Cash Flow = Coupon Value = Coupon Rate x Par Value</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CF = 15% x 1,000,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CF = 150000/12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Monthly CF = 12500</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Assume
that rD = 10%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = CF1/(1+rD/12)12+CFn/(1+rD/12)2x12 +..+CFn/ (1+rD/12)
n +PAR/ (1+rD) n</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 12500/ (1 + 0.10/12)12 + 12500/ (1 + 0.10/12)2x12 +
12500/ (1 + 0.10/12)3x12 +1000000/(1 + 0.10/12)3x12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 12500/ (1.00833)12 + 12500/ (1.00833)24 + 12500/
(1.00833)36 +1000000/(1.00833)36</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 11315.60425 + 10243.43196 + 9272.849775 + 741828</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 772660</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = CCF (1 + rD/m )nxm - 1/rD/m</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 12500 (1 + 10%/12)3x12 - 1 / 10%/12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 12500 (41.779)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 522237.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV (Coupons Annuity) = FV / (1 + rD/m) nxm</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 522237.5/(1 + 10%/12) 3x12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 522237.5/1.348021407</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 387410</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV (Par) = 1,000,000 / (1.00833)36</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV (Par) = 741828</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = PV (Coupons Annuity) + PV (Par)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 387410 + 741828</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 1129238</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 29 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Differentiate
the real assets and securities.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Real
assets are physical property such as Land, Machinery, equipments and Building
etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Where
as securities basically, are legal contractual piece of paper.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Kinds
of securities:<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">We
have discussed about two types of securities.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Direct claim securities:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Stocks (Shares):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">It is
defined as equity paper representing ownership, shareholding. Appears on
Liabilities side of Balance Sheet</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><u>Bonds:
</u></i>It is a debt paper representing loan or borrowing. These are long term
debt instruments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A
security analyst has estimated the following returns on the stocks of 4 large
companies:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Weightage Expected
Returns</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Company A
25% 12%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Company B 25% 11.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Company C 25% 10.%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Company D 25% 9.5%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">You are required to calculate the expected return on
this portfolio.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Expected Portfolio Return Calculation:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP * = rA xA + rB xB + rC xB + rD xD</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 12% (25/100) + 11.5 %( 25/100) + 10%(/25/100) +
9.5%(25/100)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 3% + 2.8757% + 2.5 + 2.375</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">= 10.75%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Why a person should invest in shares? Give reasons.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Capital
growth<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Over
the longer term, shares can produce significant capital gains through increases
in share prices. Some companies also issue free or bonus shares to their
shareholders as another way of passing on company profits or increases in their
net worth.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Diversifying
your investments<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">in
order to diversify your investment portfolio, you will probably have part of
your money in the share market. You may buy shares directly or through managed
funds or your superannuation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Easy
buying and selling<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Compared
to other investments like property, shares are very portable. They can be
bought and sold quickly, and the brokerage on the transactions is lower than for
a property transaction. Unlike selling a property, you can sell part of your
share parcels.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 29 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">By
applying Common Life Approach calculate the NPV of the following projects:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Projects
Initial outflow Inflow Yr 1 Inflow Yr 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A 100 200 -<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">B 200 200 200</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Project A<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV=-100+(200-100)/1.1)+200/(1.1)2 = 156</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Project B<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV =-200+200/1.1+200/(1.1)2 = 147</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What are Strike Price and Option Price? <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Option Price and Strike Price are the part or terminology
of Option Contract.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Option Price: Option price is the price which the option
buyer pays to the option seller. It is also know as Option Premium.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Strike Price: The price specified in the option contract
is known as the strike price or the exercise price.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What does the meaning of standard deviation in finance?
(2.5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span style="font-size: large;">Some analysts use
standard deviation to predict how a particular investment or portfolio will
perform. They calculate the range of the investment's possible future
performances based on a history of past performance, and then estimate the
probability of meeting each performance level within that range.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 30 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What
is risk averse assumption?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">When
we talk in terms of risk averse, we know that most investors are
psychologically risk averse. In case of two investments offer with the same
prospective return most investor would choose the one with the lower risk or
standard deviation or spread or votality. In other words most of the investors
are not major gamblers. Gamblers would choose that project which appeals to
investors greed by offering upsite return of 30% plus 10% = 40%. The
consequences on the share price, the higher the risk of share the higher its
rate of return and the lower its market price, so any investor will choose
surely with the low risk and he will take care of very closely risk averse
assumption while finalizing any project.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 31 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">How
negatively correlated investments behave in a market?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">If Ro
= - 1.0, it means that Investments are Perfectly Negatively Correlated and the
Returns (or Prices or Values) of the 2 Investments move in Exactly Opposite
directions. In this Ideal Case, All Risk can be diversified away. For example,
if the price of one stock increases by 50% then the price of another stock goes
down by 50%.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 32 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What
types of shares are available in the market?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The
following are the shares available normally in the market;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><u>1.
Preferred Stock: </u></i>These stocks have regular Constant / Fixed Future
Dividends Certain for the Preferred Shareholders. Use old Perpetuity Cash Flow
Pattern and formulas to estimate theoretical Fair Stock Price.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><u>2.
Common Stock: </u></i>Theses stocks have variable future dividends expected by
the common shareholders. Use</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Zero
& Constant Growth Models to simplify future Dividend forecasts in estimated
Theoretical Stock Price (or PV) equation. There dividend depend upon the income
earned by the company and also upon the management decision regarding the
dividend declaration.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Explain
why financial planning is important to today’s chief executives?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">It
is important to plan finances in order to reap long term benefits through the assets
in hand. The investments that one makes are structured properly and managed by
professionals through financial planning. Every decision regarding our finances
can be monitored if a proper plan is devised in advance. The following points
explain why financial planning is important.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Cash
Flow: Financial planning helps in increasing cash flow as well as monitoring
the spending pattern. The cash flow is increased by undertaking measures such
as tax planning, prudent spending and careful budgeting.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Capital:
A strong capital base can be built with the help of efficient financial
planning. Thus, one can think about investments and thereby improve his
financial position.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Income:
It is possible to manage income effectively through planning. Managing income
helps in segregating it into tax payments, other monthly expenditures and
savings.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Family
Security: Financial planning is necessary from the point of view of family
security. The various policies available in the market serve the purpose of
financially securing the family.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Investment:
A proper financial plan that considers the income and expenditure of a person,
helps in choosing the right investment policy. It enables the person to reach
the set goals.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Standard
of Living: The savings created by through planning, come to the rescue in
difficult times. Death of the bread winner in a family, affects the standard of
living to a great extent. A proper financial plan acts as a guard in such
situations and enables the family to survive hard times.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Financial
Understanding: The financial planning process helps gain an understanding about
the current financial position. Adjustments in an investment plan or evaluating
a retirement scheme becomes easy for an individual with financial
understanding.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Assets:
A nice 'cushion' in the form of assets is what many of us desire for. But many
assets come with liabilities attached. Thus, it becomes important to determine
the true value of an asset. The knowledge of settling or canceling the
liabilities, comes with the understanding of our finances. The overall process
helps us build assets that don't become a burden in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Savings:
It is good to have investments with high liquidity. These investments, owing to
their liquidity, can be utilized in times of emergency and for educational
purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">The
argument made by people from low income groups is that they don't need to plan
their finances due to the less money they possess. However, no matter how much
one earns, better planning of income always helps in the long run.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 42 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">How risk and expected return is compared in two
distributions?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The future is uncertain. Investors do not know with
certainty whether the economy will be growing rapidly or be in recession. As
such, they do not know what rate of return their investments will yield.
Therefore, they base their decisions on their expectations concerning the
future.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 41 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Suppose
Ali Inc. issues ten-year bonds (par Rs. 1,000) with an annual coupon of 8.6%.
Similar ten-year bonds are paying 8.0% interest. What is the value of one Ali's
new bonds that is, what should be its price</b>?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Bond Price = PV(all inflows) +
PV(face value)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">So in this case</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Bond Price = PV(of all coupon
payments) +PV(1000) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">As bond will pay same amount for the next 10 year assume it
annuity so we use annuity formula if some done get this formula he/she can try
manually PV for every year for ten years.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">8.6% of one
thousand = 1000*.086 = 86</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Which he gets every year as coupon payment</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = Amt * PVIF = [1 - (1+i)^-n
]/i</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
i = 8%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Price = 86* [( 1 – (1.08)^-10)
]/.08 + (1000/1.08)^10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Price = 577.0670003 + 463.1934881
= 1040.260488</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> = 1040.26</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 42 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Draw
a three year time line which illustrates the following situation:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">i. An outflow of Rs. 10,000 occurs at time 0<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">ii. Inflows of Rs. 5,000 occur at the end of year 1, 2
and 3.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">iii. The interest rate during
the three year is 10%.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 16 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Assume that one year from now; you will deposit Rs. 1,000
into a saving account that pays 8% interest. If the bank compounds interest semi-annually,
how much will you have in your account four years from now?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = PV(1+i/m)^mn</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 1000 (1.04)^6 ( m*n = 2*3 as we are depositing after
one year so total years will be 3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">FV = 1265</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 17 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">How much should you pay for the preferred stock of the
PST Corporation, if it has $ 50 par value, pays $20 a share in annual
dividends, and your required rate of return is 15%.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">=20/.15 = 133.33</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 19 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What do you mean by yield to maturity (YTM) of a bond?
Explain briefly.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The most useful measure of the return on holding a bond is
called the yield to maturity (YTM).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">This is the yield bondholders receive if they hold the bond
to its maturity when the final principal payment is made. It can be calculated
from the present value formula.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">The value of i that solves this equation is the yield to
maturity</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">If the price of the bond is $100, then the yield to maturity
equals the coupon rate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Since the price rises as the yield falls, when the price is
above $100, the yield to maturity must be below the coupon rate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 20 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Explain briefly the Constant Growth Dividends Model of
common stocks valuation.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In this, we need only to forecast
the next year dividend and assume constant dividends Growth at Inflationary
Growth Rate “g” which equals 5 - 10% pa (depending on country). DIVt+1 = DIVt x
(1 + g) t. t = time in years i.e. If g = 10% Dividends Cash Flow Stream grows
according to the Discrete Compound Growth Formula </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">DIVt+1 = DIVt x (1 + g) t. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">t = time in years. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">So if you have estimated the
present Dividend (DIVo) or the next year’s Dividend (DIV1) then you can
estimate all future dividends using this formula. In this, the trick is how to
pick the right growth rate. Generally, we pick the rate of growth of inflation.
As common stock holders we assume that the dividends are continue to grow at
constant rate which is equal to rate of growth of inflation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><u>Question No: 41
( Marks: 10 ) </u></i></b><b><i><u><o:p></o:p></u></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>You are a financial analyst for the Hittle Company. The
director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze two proposed capital
investments Project X and Project Y. Each project has a cost of Rs. 10,000 and
the cost of capital for both projects is 12%. The projects’ expected cash flows
are as follows</b>: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 77.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: white; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Year</span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-left: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.1in;" valign="top" width="394">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Expected net
cash flows<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Project X<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Project Y<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">(10,000)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">(10,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">6,500</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3,500</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3,500</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3,500</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 41.4pt;" valign="top" width="55">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">1,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid rgb(191, 191, 191); border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3,500</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><b>i.<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]-->Calculate each project’s payback, net present value
(NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><b>ii.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]-->Which
project or projects should be accepted if they are independent?</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><b>iii.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]-->Which
project should be accepted if they are mutually exclusive?</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">ANSWER: <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><b><i>1.<span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></i></b><!--[endif]--><b><i>Payback:
PROJECT X: <o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cost of
project = Rs. 10,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Payback period is the time required
by the project to recover its costs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Year 1 the project will recover Rs.
6,500 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Year 2 the project will recover Rs
3000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Year 3 project will recover the remaining Rs. 500 in 1<sup>st</sup>
month of 3<sup>rd</sup> yr. So payback period for Project X is 2 yrs and 1
month.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>PROJECT Y: </b>Cost of project= Rs 10,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Year 1 project will recover Rs 3,500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Year 2 project will recover Rs
3,500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Year 3 project will recover
remaining Rs 3000 in approximately 11 months of 3<sup>rd</sup> yr.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">So payback period of project Y is 2 yrs and 11 months.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>2. Net Present
Value</i></b><i>: <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Project X</b>: Initial investment, I<sub>0</sub> = Rs
10,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 1, CF<sub>1</sub>
= Rs 6500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 2, CF<sub>2 </sub>=
Rs 3000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 3, CF<sub>3</sub>
= Rs 3000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 4, CF<sub>4</sub>
= Rs 1000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Discount rate, I = 12 %<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> No. of yrs, n = 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV = - I<sub>0 </sub>+ CF<sub>1</sub>/(1+i)<sup>n</sup> + CF<sub>2</sub>/(1+i)<sup>n</sup>
+ CF<sub>3</sub>/(1+i)<sub> </sub><sup>n </sup>+ CF<sub>4</sub>/(1+i) <sup>n<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><sup> </sup>= -10,000 + 6500/(1.12) + 3000/(1.12)<sup>2</sup>+
3000/(1.12)<sup>3</sup>+ 1000/(1.12)<sup>4<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> =
Rs 966<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Project Y: </b>Initial investment, I<sub>0</sub> = Rs
10,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 1, CF<sub>1</sub>
= Rs 3500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 2, CF<sub>2 </sub>=
Rs 3500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 3, CF<sub>3</sub>
= Rs 3500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Cash flow in yr 4, CF<sub>4</sub>
= Rs 3500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Discount rate, I = 12 %<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> No. of yrs, n = 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV = - I<sub>0 </sub>+ CF<sub>1</sub>/(1+i)<sup>n</sup>
+ CF<sub>2</sub>/(1+i)<sup>n</sup> + CF<sub>3</sub>/(1+i)<sub> </sub><sup>n </sup>+
CF<sub>4</sub>/(1+i) <sup>n<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><sup> </sup>= -10,000 + 3500/(1.12) + 3500/(1.12)<sup>2</sup>+
3500/(1.12)<sup>3</sup>+ 3500/(1.12)<sup>4<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> = Rs 631<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">IRR:
Project X: Put NPV = 0<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b>NPV = - 10000<sub> </sub>+
6500/(1+i) + 3000(1+i)<sup>2</sup>+ 3000(1+i)<sub> </sub><sup>3</sup>+
1000/(1+i) <sup>4<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Profitability Index: <o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Project X: PI= </b>Sum(CF<sub>t</sub>/(1+i)<sup>t</sup>)/I<sub>o<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> =
10,966/10000 = 1.096<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Project Y : PI= </b>Sum(CF<sub>t</sub>/(1+i)<sup>t</sup>)/I<sub>o</sub><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> =
10631/10000 = 1.0631<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;">Result: Since NPV and PI of project X are higher than that of project Y
so Project X will be accepted..<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 41
( Marks: 10 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> ICO Company must
decide between two mutually exclusive projects. The following information
describes the cash flows of each project.</b> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Year Project "A" Project "B" <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">0 Rs. (20,000) Rs. 24,000 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">1 10,000 10,000 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">2 8,000 10,000 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">3 6,000 10,000 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><b>a.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Assume
that 15% is the appropriate required rate of return. What decision should the
firm make about these two projects? <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><b>b.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>If
the firm reevaluated these projects at 10%, what decision should the firm make
about these two projects? <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">A) We have 2
project A , B<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Project A, Io= - Rs20000, Yr 1 = +Rs10000, Yr2= Rs8000,
Yr3= Rs6000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Project B, Io= -Rs24000, Yr1= +Rs10000, Yr2=Rs10000,
yr3=Rs10000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In simple NPV=</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Project A=
-20000+10000+8000+6000/(1.15)^3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Rs= 2630.19</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Project B=
-24000+10000+10000+10000/(1.15)^3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Rs= 3945.29</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The firm will decide to take the 2<sup>nd</sup>
project B. becz its NPV is greater tha project A.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">B)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Project A=
-20000+10000+8000+6000/(1.10)^3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Rs= 3005.25</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Project B=
-24000+10000+10000+10000/(1.10)^3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> Rs= 4507.88</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Again on 10%, project B is better
than project A.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What are the types of bond?
(Any five) 5 Marks.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Types of Bonds: <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Mortgage Bonds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Backed & secured by real assets </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Subordinated Debt and General Credit: lower rank
and claim than Mortgage Bonds. Debentures: </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">These are not secured by real property, risky </span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Floating Rate Bond: </span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">It is defined as
a type of bond bearing a yield that may rise and fall within a specified range
according to fluctuations in the market. The bond has been used in the housing
bond market </span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Eurobonds:</b> it issued from a foreign country </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Zero Bonds & Low Coupon Bonds</b>: no regular
interest payments (+ for lender), not callable (+ for investor) Junk Bonds
& High Yield Bonds: Corporations that are small in size, or lack an
established operating track record are also likely to be considered speculative
grade. Junk bonds are most commonly associated with corporate issuers.
They are high-risk debt with rating below BB by S&P </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Convertible Bonds: <o:p></o:p></span></b></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">A convertible
bond is a bond which can be converted into the company's common stock. You can
exercise the convertible bond and exchange the bond into a predetermined amount
of shares in the company. The conversion ratio can vary from bond to bond. You
can find the terms of the convertible, such as the exact number of shares or
the method of determining how many shares the bond is converted into, in the
indenture. For example a conversion ratio of 40:1 means that for every bond
(with Rs.1,000 par value) you hold you can exchange for 40 shares of stock.
Occasionally, the indenture might have a provision that states the conversion
ratio will change through the years, but this is rare. Convertibles typically
offer a lower yield than a regular bond because there is the option to convert
the shares into stock and collect the capital gain. But, should the company go
bankrupt, convertibles are ranked the same as regular bonds so you have a
better chance of getting some of your money back</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Define the Diversifiable Risk
and Market Risk and Causes of Risk. 5 Marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In case of portfolio risk we can
further made distinction between Diversifiable Risk and Market risk
Diversifiable Risk: random risk specific to one company, can be virtually
eliminated. Market Risk: It is defined as uncertainty caused by broad movement
in market or economy.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Diversifiable Risk</span></strong>:
random risk specific to one company, can be virtually eliminated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Market Risk:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>It is
defined as uncertainty caused by broad movement in market or economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Causes of Risk:</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">These
can be Company-Specific or General. It may be because of Cash Losses from
operations or poor financial management of the company. This is one possibility
but the real question is that why these losses occurred. One of the reasons for
the losses might be the company’s Debt, Inflation, Economy, Politics, War or
Fate. Final analysis of risk is that it is a game of fate or chance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Why should you invest in
shares? Give reasons 5 marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Invest in share is better than any other form of investment
due to following reasons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Easy to sale</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Easy to purchase</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Limited liability</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">No risk</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Why company prefer debt on
equity to raise funds 3 marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">There are numerous ways to
acquire funds, i.e., finances can be raised in the form of debt or equity. The
proportion of debt and equity constitutes the capital structure of the firm.
Financial experts attempt to find a combination of debt and equity that could
increase the overall value of the company, i.e., they try to find the optimal
capital structure. The following concepts would be used to understand how an
optimal capital structure could be attained. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">o Cost of Capital
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">o Leverage </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">o Dividend
Policy </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">o Debt
Instruments</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Two approaches for life span
of different life span of two different projects. Discuss any one. (5 marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Practical view: <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Companies and individuals running
different types of businesses have to make the choice of the asset according to
the life span of the project. For instance, a tailor shop owner would have to
decide whether to invest in a sewing machine that has a useful life of ten
years or to invest in another machine with a useful life of three years. These
decisions are important since they involve major cash outflows of the business.
There are advantages & disadvantages associated with different life span. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Different Lives &
Budget Constraint: <o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Companies and individuals running
different types of businesses have to make the choice of the asset according to
the life span of the project. Advantages of asset with a long life: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The advantage of a longer asset
life is that the cash flows from the project become more predictable, since
there are lesser cash outflows occurring during the life of the project.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Common life approach<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">In order to make the two
investment opportunities we equate the life of the two projects. We would
repeat the cash flow pattern of each project over a horizon that matches the
least common multiple of the lives of the two projects. For instance, if there
are two projects, and the life of first project is one year and that of the
second is two years, the least common multiple would be two and the cash flow
pattern of the project would be repeated for the next year, in order to make
the two projects comparable. Similarly, if first project has a life of two
years and second project has a life of three years, the least common multiple
would be six. In that case, the cash flows of the first project would be
repeated thrice and that of the second project would be repeated twice. Having
equated the lives of the project the net present value of both the projects can
be calculated and compared.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">1) In Efficient Markets where
investors have almost equal information, Fair Value will basically match Market
Price. But, temporarily they can differ. Then what happens?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Usually, you think that whether
the price of the thing purchased by you have that much price or not. Similar
question will be asked in share trading </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">If Market Price < Fair Value:
then Stock is under valued by the Market. It is a bargain and investors will
rush to buy it. Therefore, Share’s Demand will rise and Market Price will rise
to match the Fair Value. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"> Dynamic Equilibrium<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">If Market Price > Fair Value
then Stock is Over Valued Share Price Valuation -Perpetual Investment in Common
Stock: Perpetual Investment in Common Stock </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Explain the impact of interest
rate on long term and short term bonds?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Interest Rate Risk for Long Term
Bonds (i.e. 10 year bonds) is more than the Interest Rate Risk for Short Term
Bonds (i.e. 1 year bonds) provided the coupon rate for the bonds is similar.
When investor buy a long term bond he is locked in investment for long term
period there are more chances of fluctuation in interest rate and the inflation
rate. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> So, the impact of interest rate changes on
Long Term bonds is greater. Long Term
Bond Prices fluctuate more because their Coupon Rates are fixed (or locked) for
a long time even though Market Interest Rates are fluctuating daily; therefore
the price of Long Bonds has to constantly keep adjusting. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Price of the long term bond
fluctuates more as compared to the short term bond. Because, you have a long
term bond with fix coupon rate but the market interest rate is fluctuating in
between the years</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN"><span style="font-size: large;">Why does diversification reduce risk?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">It states that don’t put all your
eggs in one basket. Diversification can reduce risk. By spreading your money
across many different Investments, Markets, Industries, Countries you can avoid
the weakness of each. Make sure that they are Uncorrelated so that they don’t
suffer from the same bad news. Due to certain changes in the interest rates, some
of the investments in your portfolio may go up and the others go downward.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Diversification
is a technique that reduces risk by investing among </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;">various financial
instruments, industries, and other categories. It </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;">aims to increase return by
investing in different areas. Make sure that </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;">they are uncorrelated so that they
don’t suffer from the same bad </span></div><div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in;"><span style="font-size: large;">news.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Diversification states<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">“Don’t put all your eggs in one basket”</span></strong><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN"><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
<b>What are the effects of changes in macro interest rates on the portfolios of
the bonds?<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Macro Interest Rates have 2 Major
Impacts on the Portfolio (collection of bond investments) of the Bondholder: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">(1) Interest Rate Risk: In this,
the value of Bond Portfolio Drops if interest rates Rise) and (2) Reinvestment
Risk: In this, the overall Rate of Return (or Yield) on the Bond Portfolio
Rises when interest rates rise the opportunity cost for the bond holder has
changed. For example, somebody may have bought a short term bond with coupon
rate of 15 % for one year. At maturity there is a risk that bondholder may not
find another investment that can yield as much as 15%. When old bonds mature,
bondholders are forced to invest in bonds at lower coupon rates). It is higher
for short term bonds.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Different types of investments
time horizons. 3 marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">There are two types of Investment
Time Horizons </span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Finite Investment: In this duration of our investment
is limited. Cash inflow from Forecasted Selling Price must be taken into
account in price estimate.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;">Perpetual Investment: </span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">It is very long term horizon for
long term investment. It is Perpetual so Forecasted Selling Price not
significant and can be eliminated. If you are planning to buy and hold the
share for 20 or 30 years then you can consider it as a long term assets.
Similarly, an investment in the share for the period of one or two years </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Value of a Share (which is a
Direct Claim Security) can be estimated based on the Cash Flows that is
generates. A Share generates Cash
Dividends just like a Real Asset Project generates Cash Income.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">How to calculate NPV for different lives of projects? Any
one approach. 5<br />
marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NPV is also the most important
criteria in capital budgeting. It is very difficult to calculate because
different inputs used in Net present value equation are based upon a forecast,
which may or may not be accurate e.g. future cash flows and sales. Similarly,
when we talk about the life of the project, again we are estimating the
duration of the project. We also have to choose subjectively the discount rates
to be used, including cost of capital, opportunity cost & required rate of
return in the calculation of Net present value. We will discuss how to choose
the interest rate when we would talk about risk. In NPV the idea is to bring
back each cash flow to the present and then to add or subtract them on present
time. The project or investment, which is offering the highest NPV, gets the
highest rank. Formula: NPV = -Io + CFt / (1+i)t = -Io + CF1/(1+i) + CF2/(1+i) 2
+ CF` /(1+i) 3 +..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Suppose there are 2 stocks in your investment portfolio,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 12.6pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 52.35pt;" width="70">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 12.6pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 98.95pt;" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Value of
investment<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 12.6pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 77.45pt;" width="103">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Expected IRR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 52.35pt;" width="70">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">A</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 98.95pt;" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 77.45pt;" width="103">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">30<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 52.35pt;" width="70">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">B</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 98.95pt;" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">60<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 77.45pt;" width="103">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 52.35pt;" width="70">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Total</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 98.95pt;" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">100<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 1pt; padding: 3.75pt; width: 77.45pt;" width="103">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> Calculate the expected portfolio return<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Expected Portfolio return calculation:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = rA x A + rB x B</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = 30% x (40 / 100) + 20% x (60 /
100)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = 0.12 + 0.12</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">rP = 0.24 or 24%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">You want to start your business so you approach a bank.
The bank offers you to lend you Rs. 100000 and you sign a bond paper. The bank
asks you to issue a bond in their favor on the following requirement by bank.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Par value = Rs, 100000 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Maturity = 2 years<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Coupon rate = 12% Mark up paid at the end of each year<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">For the bank<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">What is the value of investing in a bond with that bank
has opportunity cost of 10%.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Cash flow = coupon value = par value x coupon rate</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">
= 100,000 x 12%</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">
= 12000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">So,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 12000 / 1.1 + 12000 / (1.1)2 +100000
/(1.1)2
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV = 103471</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Perpetual investment for
preferred stock. (Marks 5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Preferred
share holders get a preference over common shareholders in recovering their
money if the company goes bankrupt. Although preferred shareholders are owners
they may not get voting rights. It is also known as hybrid equity. As it is mix
of bonds and share. Preferred shareholders receive a fixed regular dividend.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Perpetual</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"> </span></b></span><strong><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">investment</span></strong>means you are considering buying this stock and keeping
it forever.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV =
DIV1/rPE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Where r
PE = Minimum Required Rate of Return on Preferred Stock Equity for the
individual investor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;">PV =
Present Market Value (or Estimated Present Price) which depends on<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> DIV
1 = Forecasted Future Dividend in the next period<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 11.25pt; margin: 11.25pt 0in 11.25pt 27pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question No: 18 ( Marks: 3 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>What is a portfolio? Why an investor should invest
his/her funds in a portfolio rather than in the stocks of a single corporation</b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;">YE QUESTION POST PAY A ANSWER MAY
B A JAY</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u><span style="font-size: large;">Question
No: 42 ( Marks: 5 )<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Draw
a three year time line which illustrates the following situation:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">i. An outflow of Rs. 10,000 occurs at time 0<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">ii. Inflows of Rs. 5,000 occur at the end of year 1, 2
and 3.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">iii. The interest rate during
the three year is 10%.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">How
risk affects the share price? (2.5)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Coupon Rate = 15% p.a, Security = Machinery <br />
You are required to calculate the cash flow of the bank which you will pay
every month as well as the present value of this option.(5 Marks)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>3 Marks:</i> Suppose ABC Company preferred stock is
sold for Rs. 30 with dividend of Rs. 5. What would be price of the preferred
stock of infinite life if required rate of return is 14%?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><i>5 Marks: </i>AB Company common stock was as under:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; width: 263px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 18.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 18.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 18.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">value<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 18.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Exp return<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 17.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Stock A</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 17.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 17.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">10</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 17.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">Stock B</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 17.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">20</span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 17.3pt; padding: 0.75pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">15</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> You are required to compute the following:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A- Expected value of Return<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">B- Standard Deviation of Return<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-45231510138008696512023-04-04T20:52:00.000+05:002023-04-19T03:13:38.468+05:00MGT201 GDB Solution Idea Due Date 17-06-2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br /><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">MGT201 GDB Solution Idea Due Date 17-06-2013</span></h1><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(212, 212, 212); margin-left: 4.45pt; mso-cellspacing: .7pt; mso-padding-alt: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td nowrap="" style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 24.3%;" valign="top" width="24%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Total Marks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 75.22%;" valign="top" width="75%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 24.3%;" width="24%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Starting Date<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 75.22%;" width="75%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Thursday, June 13, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 24.3%;" width="24%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Closing Date<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 75.22%;" width="75%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Monday, June 17, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 24.3%;" width="24%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Status<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 75.22%;" width="75%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="txtbold"><b><span style="color: green; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";">Open</span></b></span><span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif';"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td nowrap="" style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 24.3%;" valign="top" width="24%"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: 'MS Sans Serif'; font-size: medium;">Question/Description<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; padding: 3.75pt; width: 75.22%;" valign="top" width="75%"><div class="listparagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><u><span>Discussion
Question:</span></u></strong><span style="color: blue; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="listparagraphcxspmiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="listparagraphcxspmiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span>Stand-alone
risk on an individual project may be very high but its actual risk may or may
not be higher in the context of the project’s effect on the company’s common
stockholders. Discuss both dimensions with conceptual rationale.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="listparagraphcxspmiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="listparagraphcxsplast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><i><u><span style="color: red; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";">Special Instruction:</span></u></i></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";"> </span></i></span><i><span style="color: red; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";">You are supposed to discuss
both dimensions with conceptual rationale; the actual risk will be higher for
which class of common stockholders and it will be lower for which class of
common stockholders?</span></i><span style="color: blue; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";"><br />
<br />
<strong>Important Instructions:</strong></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "MS Sans Serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #003300;">1.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">Your discussion comments must be based on<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: red;">logical facts</span></strong><span style="color: #003300;">.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #003300;">2.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">Your comments should be<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: red;">brief</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: red;">to-the-point</span></strong><span style="color: #003300;">.
Avoid unnecessary details.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #003300;">3.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">The GDB will remain open for<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: red;">3 days or 72 hours (excluding weekend)</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span>--OR--<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: red;"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: red;">5 days
or 120 hours (including weekend)</span></strong><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #003300;">4.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">Do not copy or exchange your comments with other students.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Two identical /
copied comments will be marked<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><strong><span style="color: red;">Zero (0)</span></strong><span style="color: #003300;">.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #003300;">5.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">Obnoxious or ignoble comments should be strictly
avoided.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #003300;">6.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: #003300;"> </span></span><span style="color: #003300;">Questions/queries related to the content of the
Discussion Board, which may be posted by the students on MDB or via e-mail,
will not be replied till the due date is over.</span><span style="color: blue;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 4.5pt; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 4.5pt 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><b><span style="color: blue;">For Detailed Instructions please see the
Announcement</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span><div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background-color: red;">SOLUTION IDEA:</span></b><br />
<b><span style="background-color: red;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="background-color: red; color: #20124d;"><br /></span></b>
</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">there are two cases to discuss,</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The actual risk is higher for which class of common stockholders.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The actual risk is lower for which class of common stockholders.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br />---------------------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Risk</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">1. uncertainty about a project's future profitability.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">2. it can be measured by sigma Npv, sigma IRR, and beta.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">3. risk of the projected increase in the firm's and stockholder's risk.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">There are three types of risk.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Stand-alone risk-Eaziest measurement, intuitive approach.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Corporate risk-mainly relates to creditors, customers, suppliers & Employees.</span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Market or beta risk-Theoretically best</span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br />---------------------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Read this statement out</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Standalone risk measures the dangers associated with a single facet of a company's operations or by holding a specific asset. In portfolio management, <strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">standalone risk measures the undiversified risk (Systematic Risk) of an individual asset.</strong> For a company, standalone risk allows them to determine a project's risk as if it were operating as an independent entity.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br />----------------------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
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<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span><br />
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<div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span>
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<span class="smalltext" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">MGT201 GDB Solution & Discussion Last Date:17--06--2013</span></strong></span></div>
<div class="post_body" id="pid_96747" style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Risk<br />1. uncertainty about a project's future profitability.<br />2. it can be measured by sigma Npv, sigma IRR, and beta.<br />3. risk of the projected increase the firms and stockholders risk.<br />There are three types of risk.<br />Stand-alone risk-Eaziest measurement, intuitive approach.<br />Corporate risk-mainly relates to creditors, customers, suppliers & Employees.<br />Market or beta risk-Theoretically best<br /></span><hr style="background-color: #cccccc; height: 1px; margin: 2em 0px; padding: 0px;" />
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Read this statement out<br />Standalone risk measures the dangers associated with a single facet of a company's operations or by holding a specific asset. In portfolio management, standalone risk measures the undiversified risk (Systematic Risk) of an individual asset. For a company, standalone risk allows them to determine a project's risk as if it were operating as an independent entity.<br /></span><hr style="background-color: #cccccc; height: 1px; margin: 2em 0px; padding: 0px;" />
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">What I can perceive so far from the Case is, The risk would be higher for those common stockholders, who just invest in a single stock or in a particular section of the company. As they put all their investments in a single section and entire return on investment is now dependent on the performance of that specific project. If that project couldn't perform well, because of any reason, their investment would return nothing.<br />Elaborate in your own words a little more.</span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
</span><h2 style="border: 0px; margin: 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Definition of 'Standalone Risk'</span></h2>
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<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The risk associated with a single operating unit of a company or asset. Standalone involves the risks created by a specific division or project, which would not exist if operations in that area were to cease.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br />---------------------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
</span><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">RISK</span></span></div>
<div style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The chance that an investments' actual return will be different than expected. Risk includes the possibility of losing some or all of the original investment.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br />---------------------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The risk is high if the project is a big one project and there are few stockholders. Each one of the stockholders will invest a huge amount hence the risk will be high.</span><br style="line-height: 18.1818px;" /><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The risk is not high if the project is a small one project and there are more stockholders. Each one of the stockholders will invest a little amount hence the risk will not be high.</span><br style="line-height: 18.1818px;" /><br style="line-height: 18.1818px;" /><br style="line-height: 18.1818px;" /><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I think, two classes of shareholders are preference shareholders and ordinary shareholders, n less risk for preference shareholders bcoz they received fixed dividend regardless of profit or loss and higher for ordinary they received according to P/L.</span><br style="line-height: 18.1818px;" /><br style="line-height: 18.1818px;" /><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I think the risk will be higher for those stockholders who have not diversified their investment. and the risk will be lower for those stockholders who have diversified their investment.</span><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /><br /></span></span></span><br /><br />
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16.3636px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16.3636px; line-height: 18.1818px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-24195347273337721932023-04-04T15:50:00.000+05:002023-04-19T03:16:00.359+05:00(MGT402) ASSIGNMENT NO. 01 Solution 3rd May 2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="Section1">
<h1 style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #20124d;">SEMESTER SPRING 2013</span></b><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span><b><span style="color: #20124d;">COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING (MGT402) ASSIGNMENT NO. 01</span></b></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">DUE DATE: 2nd MAY 2013
MARKS: 30</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Learning objectives: To enable the students to prepare Cost
of goods sold statement along with the adjustment for under or over-applied
factory overhead.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Assignment:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Lahore Manufacturing Ltd. (LML)
-
a famous furniture manufacture in <st1:city w:st="on">Lahore</st1:city> is enjoying an established reputation in style, well-designed
and fine quality home furniture. Mr. Khan - owner of the company is behind this
success.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">For the financial
year 2011-12, the company’s
accountant has
gathered following information
to prepare financial statements:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">a) Sales during the
year were Rs. 590,000 (450 units);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">b) Total labor hours used during the year were reported at
30,000;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">c) For charging overhead, the company has estimated FOH at the
rate of Rs. 7 per labor hour. The company has the policy to charge FOH variance
to the cost of goods sold.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">d) Cost incurred during the year are:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 158.15pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: black; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-color: black; border-left: 1.5pt solid; border-right: 1pt solid; border-style: solid; border-top: 1.5pt; height: 15.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: .5pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Details</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: black; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: 1.5pt solid black; height: 15.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: 1.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Rs.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Purchases – Raw Materials</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">2,26,500</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Direct labor</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1,26,400</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Indirect labor</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">70,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Electricity bills</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">31,200</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Repair & Maintenance</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">5,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Salaries of sales staff</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">4,400</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Depreciation – Factory</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">75,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Depreciation – Office</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">1,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.1pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Rent – Office</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">25,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; border-left: 1.5pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.65pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-color-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: 1.5pt; mso-border-right-alt: .5pt; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 202.55pt;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Advertising expenses</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1.5pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15.65pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 54.85pt;" valign="top" width="73"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">27,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">e) 75% of the electricity bill and 40% of repair and maintenance
is relating to factory. f) Inventories at 1st July, 2011:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Finished goods Rs.
22,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Work in process Rs.
35,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Raw Material Rs.
10,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">g) Inventories at 30th
June, 2012: Finished goods ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Work in process Rs.
33,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Raw Material Rs.
8,000</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Note: Finished goods inventory at July 1st 2011 was of 25
units and at June 30th, 2012 was of 32 units.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Requirements:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 6.85pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 22.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 22.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">1.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 22.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 372.95pt;" valign="top" width="497"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Cost of Goods Sold Statement for the year ended June 30,
2012;</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 22.5pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 67.25pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">(10 Marks)</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 21.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 21.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">2.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 21.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 372.95pt;" valign="top" width="497"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Income statement for the year ended June 30, 2012; &</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 21.95pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 67.25pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">(15 Marks)</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 22.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 49.25pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">3.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 22.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 372.95pt;" valign="top" width="497"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Factory overhead schedule with disposition the variance.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 22.45pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0in; width: 67.25pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">(5 Marks)</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">IMPORTANT:</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">24 hours extra / grace period after the due date are usually
available to overcome uploading difficulties. This extra time should only be used
to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as
final to avoid any inconvenience.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">OTHER IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: DEADLINE:</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> Make sure to upload
the solution file before the due date on VULMS.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> Any submission
made via email after the due date will not be accepted.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">FORMATTING GUIDELINES:</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> Use the font style
“Times New Roman” or “Arial” and font size “12”.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> It is advised
to compose your document in MS-Word format.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> You may also compose
your assignment in Open Office format.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> Use black and
blue font colors only.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">REFERENCING GUIDELINES:</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> Use
APA style for
referencing and citation. For guidance search “APA
reference style” in Google and read various website containing information for better
understanding or visit <a href="http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA01.html">http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA01.html</a></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">RULES FOR MARKING</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded
as Zero (0), if:</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> It is submitted
after the due date.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> The file you uploaded
does not open or is corrupt.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> It is in any format
other than MS-Word or Open Office; e.g. PowerPoint, PDF.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> It is cheated
or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc.</span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Note related to load shedding: Please be proactive</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">Dear students!</span></b></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">As you know that Pre Mid<span style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">‐</span>Term semester activities have been started
and load shedding problem is also prevailing in our country now a days. Keeping
in view the fact, you all are advised to post your activities as early as
possible without waiting for the due date. For your convenience; activity schedule
has already been uploaded on VULMS for the current semester, therefore no excuse
will be entertained after due date of assignments, quizzes or GDBs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;"><b>Solution Idea:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">COST
AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;"> ASSIGNMENT # 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">ANSWERS:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>1</b>: <b><u>COST OF GOODS SOLD STATEMENT</u></b> </span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 20.65pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="2" style="height: 20.65pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 439.3pt;" valign="top" width="586"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
LAHORE MANUFACTURING LTD.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td colspan="2" style="height: 22pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 439.3pt;" valign="top" width="586"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
COST OF GOODS SOLD STATEMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td colspan="2" style="height: 22pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 439.3pt;" valign="top" width="586"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
FOR YEAR ENDING 30 JUNE 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">RUPESS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> OPENING RAW MATERIAL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">10000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">ADD : PURCHASES – RAW MATERIAL<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">226500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">LESS: CLOSING RAW MATERIAL<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">(8000)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b>RAW MATERIAL CONSUMED<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">228500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">ADD: DIRECT LABOUR<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">126400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">ADD: FOH (APLLIED)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">210000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b>TOTAL FACTORY COST<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">564900<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">ADD: OPENING W.I.P<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">35000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b>COST OF GOODS TO BE MANUFACTURED<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 6.3pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">599900<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">LESS: CLOSING W.I.P<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">(33000)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b>COST OF GOODS MANUFACTURED<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">566900<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">ADD: OPENING FINISHED GOODS<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">22000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b>COST OF GOODS TO BE SOLD<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">588900<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">LESS: CLOSING FINISHED GOODS<b> (W1)</b><u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">(39680)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="height: 28.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> <b>COST OF GOODS SOLD (AT <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">NORMAL</st1:place></st1:city>)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 28.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">549220<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="height: 25.6pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">LESS: OVER APPLIED FOH <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 25.6pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">(39600)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 27.15pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 355.8pt;" valign="top" width="474"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> <b>COST OF GOODS SOLD (ACTUAL)<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 27.15pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="111"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 2.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> 509620</span></b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 322.55pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 322.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 458.45pt;" valign="top" width="611"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<b><u><span style="color: #20124d;">WORKING 1:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">COST
OF CLOSING FINISH GOODS = CLOSING FINISHED UNITS x PER UNIT COST<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">COST
OF CLOSING FINISH GOODS = 32 x 1240<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">COST OF CLOSING FINISH
GOODS = 39680<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">UNIT
SOLD = OPENING FINISHED UNITS + UNIT MANUFACTURED – CLOSING FINISHED UNITS <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">450 =
25 + X – 32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">X
= 450 – 25 + 32 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;">X = 457 (TOTAL UNIT
MANUFACTURED)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">PER
UNIT MANUFACTURING COST = <u>COST OF GOODS MANUFACTURED<o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> TOTAL
UNIT MANUFACTURED<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;">PER
UNIT MANUFACTURING COST =<u> 566900 </u> = <b>1240</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> 457 <b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">2:
INCOME STATEMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d;"> </span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 644px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 483pt;" valign="top" width="644"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">
LAHORE MANUFACTURING LTD.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 483pt;" valign="top" width="644"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> INCOME STATEMENT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td colspan="3" style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 483pt;" valign="top" width="644"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> FOR
THE YEAR ENDED ON 30 JUNE 2012<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">PARTICULARS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">AMOUNT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">AMOUNT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> SALES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 9.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">590000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">LESS:
COST OF GOODS SOLD<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">(509620)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">GROSS
PROFIT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> 80380<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="height: 27.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">LESS:
OPERATIING EXPENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 27.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="ListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ELECTRICITY BILLS(25% OF 31200)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 37.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> 7800<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="ListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">REPAIR & MAINTENANCE(60% OF 5000)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 37.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> 3000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="ListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">DEPRECIATION-OFFICE<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 37.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> 1000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="ListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">RENT-OFFICE<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 37.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> 25000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">(36800)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;"> OPERATING PROFIT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">43580<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">LESS:
SELLING EXPENSES<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">4400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">LESS:
MARKETING & ADVERTISING EXPENSE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.2pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; height: 26.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">27000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 27.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 288.85pt;" valign="top" width="385"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">
NET PROFIT<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 27.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.2pt;" valign="top" width="136"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" valign="top" width="123"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">12180<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3:
F.O.H. SCHEDULE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 280.45pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 280.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 413.6pt;" valign="top" width="551"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <u> FOH SCHEDULE:<o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">APPLIED F.O.H 210000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">*</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">ACTUAL F.O.H <u>(170400)</u><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">OVER/(UNDER) APPLIED F.O.H 39600<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="ListParagraph" style="margin-left: 41pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">*<b>WORKING FOR ACTUAL F.O.H CALCULATION <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">INDIRECT LABOUR 70000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">ELECTERCITY BILL(75%
OF 31200) 23400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">REPAIR &
MAINTENANCE(40% OF 5000) 2000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">DEPRECIATION-FACTORY</span></st1:city> <span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <st1:postalcode w:st="on"><u>75000</u></st1:postalcode></span></st1:place><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<b><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: 12pt;">ACTUAL F.O.H 170400<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5pt;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><o:p> </o:p><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">D</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">UE </span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">D</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">ATE</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">: 3<sup>rd</sup>
</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: #003300; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">M</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: #003300; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">AY </span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: #003300; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">2013
</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">M</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">ARKS</span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: blue; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">: </span></b><b><span face="Garamond-Bold" style="color: #003300; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;">30</span></b></span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-77510997933020162362023-04-02T01:21:00.000+05:002023-04-19T02:58:35.221+05:00STA630 Assignment No 2 Solution<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h1></h1><h1 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: 36pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Research
Methods (STA 630)</span></b></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Semester “Fall 2010”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<br />
Assignment No.
02
Marks: 20<br />
“Patients’ attitude”<br />
An NGO working for the welfare of cancer patients wants to conduct a survey to
measure<br />
cancer patients’ attitudes toward the doctor’s personality, behavior,
competence, and prescribed<br />
treatment, in the public hospitals of Lahore. A researcher has been hired for
this purpose.<br />
There are 10 hospitals in the city that are treating cancer patients.
Administrators of<br />
seven famous hospitals in the city are ready to cooperate with the researcher
and provide him the<br />
information about cancer patients admitted to the hospital. While the other
three hospitals<br />
refused to provide any information for some reason. On the basis of the
information provided<br />
by 07 hospitals, he has a list of 500 cancer patients, admitted to these public
hospitals of<br />
Lahore.<br />
The researcher decided to take a simple random sample of 150 patients for the
survey. He<br />
collected data by filling out a questionnaire from selected patients and
analyzed the data to<br />
draw conclusions.<br />
<br />
<b>Questions:</b><br />
1. Identify the population in the given
scenario? (5 Marks)<br />
2. What is the Sampling Frame in the given
Scenario?
(5 Marks)<br />
3. Identify the Sampling unit and Observation unit in the given
scenario? (5
Marks)<br />
4. What type of research is this? Descriptive, exploratory, or
explanatory (5 Marks)<br />
Important Tips<br />
1. This Assignment can be best attempted from the knowledge acquired
after<br />
watching video lecture no. 03 and lecture no. 26 to lecture no. 28 and reading<br />
handouts (as well as a recommended textbook). <br />
2. Video lectures can be downloaded for free from www.youtube.com/vu.<br />
Schedule<br />
Opening Date and Time January 10, 2011, At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)<br />
Due Date and Time January 13, 2011, At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)<br />
Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace period after the
above mentioned<br />
due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties that may be
faced by the<br />
students on the last date. This extra time should only be used to meet
the emergencies and above<br />
mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any
inconvenience. Important Instructions:<br />
<br />
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting the
assignment solution.<br />
<br />
<b>Deadline:</b><br />
<br />
• Make sure that you upload the solution file before the due date. No<br />
the assignment will be accepted through e-mail once the solution has been<br />
uploaded by the instructor. <br />
<br />
<b>Formatting guidelines:</b><br />
<br />
• Use the font style “Times New Roman” and font size “12”. <br />
• It is advised to compose your document in MS Word 2003. <br />
• Use black and blue font colors only. <br />
<br />
<b>Solution guidelines:</b><br />
<br />
• Use APA style for referencing and citation. For guidance search
“APA<br />
reference style” in Google and read various websites containing<br />
information for better understanding or visit<br />
http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA01.html <br />
• every student will work individually and has to write in the form of an<br />
analytical assignment.<br />
• Give the answer according to the question, there will be a negative
marking<br />
for irrelevant material.<br />
• For acquiring the relevant knowledge don’t rely only on handouts but<br />
watch the video lectures and use other reference books also. <br />
<br />
<b>Rules for Marking</b><br />
<br />
Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0) if:<br />
<br />
• It has been submitted after the due date<br />
• The file you uploaded does not open or is corrupt<br />
• It is in any format other than .doc (MS. Word)<br />
• It is cheated or copied from other students, the internet, books,
journals, etc…<br />
<br />
<br />
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> SOLUTION</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Q.No.1</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Identify the population
in the given scenario?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer;</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">In the given scenario,
the cancer patients admitted into the public hospitals of Lahore are the
population.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Q.No.2</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">What is the sampling
frame in the given scenario?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer;</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The ten public hospitals
of Lahore city engaged in the treatment of cancer patients are the sampling
frame in the given scenario.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Q.No.3</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Identify the sampling
unit and observation unit in the given scenario?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer;</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">In the given scenario,
the public hospitals of Lahore engaged in the treatment of cancer patients are
the primary sampling unit and the seven hospitals which decided to cooperate
with the research project are the secondary sampling unit.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">As it is a single-level
sampling, therefore the seven hospitals (engaged in the treatment of cancer
patients) of Lahore (which are also the secondary sampling unit) are the
observation unit.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Q.No.4</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">What type of research is
this? Descriptive, exploratory, or explanatory?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer;</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">In my view, the research
conducted by the NGO is descriptive in nature because its motive is to describe
the cancer patient s’ attitude towards the doctor s’ personality, behavior,
competence, and prescribed treatment. This kind of research is conducted to
find the answers to questions like who, when, where, and what. how etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
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<b><br />
SOLUTION</b><br />
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<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Semester “Fall 2010”<br />
“Research Methods (STA 630)”<br />
Assignment No. 02 Marks: 20</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">“PATIENTS’ ATTITUDE”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">An NGO working for the
welfare of cancer patients wants to conduct a survey to measure cancer
patients’ attitudes toward the doctor’s personality, behavior, competence, and
prescribed treatment, in the public hospitals of Lahore. A researcher has been
hired for this purpose. There are 10 hospitals in the city that are treating
cancer patients. Administrators of seven famous hospitals in the city are ready
to cooperate with the researcher and provide him the information about cancer
patients admitted to the hospital. While the other three hospitals refused to
provide any information for some reason. On the basis of the information
provided by 07 hospitals, he has a list of 500 cancer patients, admitted to
these public hospitals of Lahore. The researcher decided to take a simple
random sample of 150 patients for the survey. He collected data by filling out
a questionnaire from selected patients and analyzed the data to draw
conclusions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Question no 1:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Identify the population
in the given scenario?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">In this scenario, the
population is 500 patients in 7 hospitals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Question no 2:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">What is the Sampling
Frame in the given Scenario?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">In this scenario, the
sample frame is the population of cancer patients in 7 hospitals and the total
list is 500 patients.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Question no 3:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Identify the Sampling
unit and Observation unit in the given scenario?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Sampling Unit</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">150 patients is taken as
the sample unit of the survey<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Observation Unit</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The observation unit in
this scenario is 7 Hospitals in Lahore.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Question no 4:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">What type of research is
this? Descriptive, exploratory, or explanatory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Answer:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Exploratory Research</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
as we know that cancer research is a new topic in Pakistan. So we are doing
research from the beginning that why it is exploratory research. In this
research, we do some extra efforts to develop good research that helps in
future research.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
In light of my knowledge, my opinion is that this is Exploratory Research.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-91340622338161977682023-04-02T01:08:00.000+05:002023-04-19T02:58:56.014+05:00mgt402 Quiz 02 Special Semester 2007<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
</span><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: large;">Cost
& Management Accounting (mgt402) </span><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Solution to Quiz 02 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Special
Semester 2007 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">(Total
Marls 1 x 15 = 15) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Find
out correct option from given MCQs & put your answer in above table: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">1. A manufacturing company manufactures a
product which passes through two <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">departments. 10,000
units were put in process. 9,400 units were completed & <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">transferred to
department-II. 400 units (1/2 complete) were in process at the end of <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">month. Remaining 200
units were lost during processing. Costs incurred by the <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">department were as
follows: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Particulars Rs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Direct Materials 19,400<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Direct Labor 24,250<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Factory overhead 14,550<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Equivalent units of
material, for the month in CPR ____________
<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. 200 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. 9400 units
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">c. 9600 units</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of the given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">MCQ # 2 and 3 are based on the
following data:</span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Allied
chemical company reported the following production data for its department: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Particulars Units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Received
in from department –1 55,000 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Transferred
out department –3 39,500 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">In
process (1/3 labor & overhead)
10,500 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">All
materials were put in process in Department No. 1. Costing department collected
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">following
figures for department No. 2: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Particulars Rs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Unit
cost received in 1.80 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Labor
cost in department No.2 27,520 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Applied
overhead in Department No. 2 15,480 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">2. Equivalent units of Material are _________ <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. 3,500 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. 39,500 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">c. 43,000 units</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of the given options Cost &
Management Accounting (mgt402)
Solution to Quiz 02 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Special
Semester 2007 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">3. Unit cost used for transferred out _________ <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. Rs. 0.64 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. Rs. 0.36 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. Rs. 0.18 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">d. None of the
given options</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">4. During January, Assembling department
received 60,000 units from preceding department at a unit cost of Rs. 3.54.
Costs added in the assembly department were: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Particulars Rs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Materials 41,650<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Labor 101,700<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Factory
overheads 56,500<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">There
was no work in process beginning inventory.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Particulars Units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Units
from preceding department 60,000 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Units
transferred out 50,000 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Units
in process at the end of month <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">(all
materials, 2/3converted) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">9,000
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Units
lost (1/2 completed as to materials & conversion cost ) 1,000 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The
entire loss is considered abnormal & is to be charged to factory overhead. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"> Cost transferred to next department
__________ <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. Rs. 55,703.3 App. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">b. Rs. 356,546.6
App.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. Rs. 412,249.9 App. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of the given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span><a name='more'></a></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">MCQ # 5, 6, 7 and 8 are based on the following data: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The following is the Corporation's Income Statement for
last month: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Particulars Rs. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Sales 4,000,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Less: variable expenses
1,800,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Contribution margin
2,200,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Less: fixed expenses
720,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Net income
1480,000Cost & Management Accounting (mgt402) Solution to Quiz 02 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Special Semester 2007 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The company has no beginning or ending inventories. A
total of 80,000 units were <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">produced and sold last month.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">5. What is the company's contribution margin
ratio? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. 30% <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">b. 50%</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. 150% <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">6. What is the company's break-even in units? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. 48,000 units
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. 72,000 units
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. 80,000 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">d. None of the
given options</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">7. How many units would the company have to sell to attain target profits of Rs.600,000? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">a. 48,000 units</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. 88,000 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. 106,668 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">8. What is the company's margin of safety in Rs?
<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">a. Rs. 1,600,000
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. Rs. 2,400,000
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">c. Rs. 25,60,000</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">MCQ # 9 & 10 are
based on the following data: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">The following data
related to production of ABC Company: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Units produced 2,000 units <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Direct materials Rs.6 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Direct labor Rs.10 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Fixed overhead Rs.20,000 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Variable overhead Rs.6 Cost & Management Accounting
(mgt402) Solution to Quiz
02 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Special Semester 2007 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Fixed selling and
administrative Rs.2000 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Variable selling and
administrative Rs.2 <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">9. Using the data given above, what will be the
unit product cost under absorption <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">costing? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">a. Rs. 32</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. Rs. 30 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. Rs. 25 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d. None of the given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">10. Using the data
given above, what will be the unit product cost under marginal <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">costing? <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">a. Rs. 22</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">b. Rs. 24 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">c. Rs. 28 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">d.
None of the given options <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Mr. Zahid received Rs. 100,000 at
the time of retirement. He has invested in a profitable Avenue. From Company A,
he received the dividend of 35% and from Company B he received the dividend of
25%. He has selected Company A for investment.
His opportunity cost will be:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">35,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">25,000<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">10,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">55,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">In increasing production volume
situation, the behavior of Fixed cost & Variable cost will be: <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Increases, constant<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">Constant, increases<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Increases, decreases<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Decreases, increases<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">While calculating the finished goods
ending inventory, what would be the formula to calculate <u>per unit cost</u>? <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Cost of goods sold / number of units
sold<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Cost of goods to be manufactured /
number of units manufactured<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">Cost of goods manufactured / number of
units manufactured<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Total manufacturing cost / number of
units manufactured <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">If the direct labor is Rs. 42,000
and FOH is 40% of conversion cost. What will be the amount of FOH?<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">63,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">30,000<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">28,000<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">16,800<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Which one of the following centers
is responsible to earns sales revenue?<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Cost center<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Investment center<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">Revenue center<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Profit center<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">While preparing the Cost of Goods
Sold and Income Statement, the over applied FOH is;<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Add back, subtracted<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">Subtracted, add back<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Add back, add back<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Subtracted, subtracted<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Which of the following ratios
expressed that how many times the inventory is turning over towards the cost of
goods sold?<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Net profit ratio<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Gross profit ratio<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">Inventory turnover ratio<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Inventory holding period<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">When opening and closing inventories
are compared, if ending inventory is more than opening inventory, it means
that:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">Increase in inventory<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Decrease in inventory<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Both a and b<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">None of the given options<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">The total labor cost incurred by a
manufacturing entity includes which one of the following elements:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Direct labor cost <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Indirect labor cost <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">Abnormal labor cost <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">All
of the given options</span></b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">If,<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: right 4.0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Opening
stock 1,000
units<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: right 4.0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Material
Purchase 7,000
units<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: right 4.0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Closing
Stock 500
units<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">Material consumed Rs. 7,500<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">What will be the
inventory turnover ratio?<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-highlight: silver;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="background: silver; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-highlight: silver;">10 Times<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">12 times<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";">14.5 times<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif";"><span style="color: #20124d; font-size: medium;">9.5 times</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2061234051309356048.post-72115401586072467512023-04-01T02:15:00.000+05:002023-04-19T02:57:48.430+05:00MGT402 Cost Accounting<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /><b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""><span style="color: #073763;">MGT402 Cost Accounting </span></span></b></span></h1>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""> Which of the following statement measures the
financial position of the entity on particular time?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Income Statement<br />
<b>Balance Sheet </b><br />
Cash Flow Statement<br />
Statement of Retained Earning</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: #073763;">Generally, the danger level of stock is fixed ________ the minimum level.<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Below<span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">Above </span></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""><br />
Equal<br />
Danger level has no relation to minimum level<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">The Process of cost
apportionment is carried out so that:<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Cost may be controlled<br />
Cost unit gather overheads as they pass through cost centers<br />
Whole items of cost can be charged to cost centers</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">Common costs are shared among
cost centers</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">The
appropriate journal entry to transfer the cost of completed units from the Work
in Process account would involve a credit to Work in Process and a debit to
which of the following accounts?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Income Summary<br />
Raw Materials Inventory<br />
<b>Finished Goods</b><br />
Manufacturing SummarySelect correct option:<br />
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Production</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype><br />
<st1:placename w:st="on">Service</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype><br />
<st1:placename w:st="on">General</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Cost</st1:placename>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place><br />
<b>Head Office </b></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">Which of the following is/are
reported in production cost report?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
The costs charged to the department<br />
How the costs were assigned to the output?<br />
The equivalent units of production by the department<br />
<b>All of the given options (not 100% sure)</b></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">8 Direct materials cost is
Rs. 80,000. Direct labor cost is Rs. 60,000. Factory overhead is Rs. 90,000.
Beginning goods in process were Rs. 15,000. The cost of goods manufactured is
Rs. 245,000. What is the cost assigned to the ending goods in process?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Rs. 45,000<br />
Rs. 15,000<br />
Rs. 30,000<br />
<b>There will be no ending Inventory</b><br />
<br />
<b>Solution:</b></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Direct Material
---- 80,000 (Given)<br />
Direct labor ------- 60,000 (Given)<br />
FOH -------------- 90,000 (Given)</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Open
WIP------- 15,000</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif">Total
245000 (cost of goods manufactured is also 245000 so balance is zero)</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif"><br />
</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">Sales
are Rs. 450,000. Beginning finished goods were Rs. 23,000. Ending finished
goods are Rs. 30,000. The cost of goods sold is Rs. 300,000. What is the cost
of goods manufactured?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Rs. 323,000<br />
Rs. 330,000<br />
Rs. 293,000<br />
<b>None of the given options<br />
</b><br />
<br />
Under Periodic Inventory system Purchase of inventory is treared as:<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Assets<br />
<b>Expense</b><br />
Income<br />
Liability<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">When prices are rising over
time, which of the following inventory costing methods will result in the
lowest gross margin/profits?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
FIFO<br />
<b>LIFO</b><br />
Weighted Average<br />
Cannot be determined</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif""><br />
The main difference between the profit center and investment center is:<br />
Select correct option:<br />
<b>Decision making<br />
</b>Revenue generation<br />
Cost in currence<br />
Investment<br />
<br />
Which of the following is a characteristic of process cost accounting system?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
Material, Labor and Overheads are accumulated by orders<br />
Companies use this system if they process custom orders<br />
<b>Opening and Closing stock of work in process are related in terms of
completed units</b><br />
Only Closing stock of work in process is restated in terms of completed units<br />
Reference</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #073763;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"">The Inventory Turn over
ration is 5 times and numbers of days in a year is 365.Inventory holding period
in days would be<br />
Select correct option:<br />
100 days<br />
<b>73 days<br />
</b>50 days<br />
10 days<i><br />
</i><br />
<br />
15 Which of the following manufacturers is most likely to use a job order cost
accounting system?<br />
Select correct option:<br />
A soft drink producer<br />
A flour mill <br />
A textile mill<br />
<b>A builder of offshore oil rigs</b><br />
<br />
(see page # 131 of handouts (pdf file) under
"Examples of industries using process costing include". Bottling,
flour, textile industries will use process costing, so the last option "A
builder of offshore oil rigs" should be correct as this industry will use
job order)</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br /><br />
</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0